文艺复兴时期的文化成就-英文ppt

CulturalAchievementsoftheRenaissanceliterature•RenaissanceLiteraturereferstotheperiodinEuropeanliteraturethatbeganinItalyduringthe14thcenturyandspreadaroundEuropethroughthe17thcentury.TheimpactoftheRenaissancevariedacrossthecontinent;countriesthatwerepredominantlyCatholicorProtestantexperiencedtheRenaissancedifferentlycomparedtoareaswheretheOrthodoxChurchwasdominantasreflectingonitsculture.•ThecreationoftheprintingpressencouragedauthorstowriteinthelocalvernacularratherthaninGreekorLatinclassicallanguages,wideningthereadingaudienceandpromotingthespreadofRenaissanceideas.MigueldeCervantes•HewasaSpanishnovelist,poet,andplaywright.•Hismagnumopus,DonQuixote,consideredtobethefirstmodernEuropeannovel,isaclassicofWesternliterature,andisregardedamongstthebestworksoffictioneverwritten.•HisinfluenceontheSpanishlanguagehasbeensogreatthatthelanguageisoftencalledlalenguadeCervantes(thelanguageofCervantes).•HewasdubbedElPríncipedelosIngenios(ThePrinceofWits).•Cervantes'novelDonQuixotehashadatremendousinfluenceonthedevelopmentofprosefiction.Spanish:29September1547(assumed)–22April1616•DonQuixoteisCervanteswell-knownnovel.It'scitedasthefirstclassicmodelofthemodernromanceornovel,andithasservedastheprototypeofthecomicnovel.Thehumoroussituationsaremostlyburlesque,anditincludessatire.DonQuixoteisoneoftheEncyclopædiaBritannica'sGreatBooksoftheWesternWorld,whiletheRussianauthorFyodorDostoyevskycalledittheultimateandmostsublimeworkofhumanthinking.ItisinDonQuixotethatCervantescoinedthepopularphrasetheproofofthepuddingisintheeating(porlamuestraseconoceelpaño),whichstillseesheavyuseintheshortenedformoftheproofisinthepudding,andwhowalksmuchandreadsmuch,knowsmuchandseesmuch(quienandamuchoyleemucho,sabemuchoyvemucho).GeofreyChaucer•GeoffreyChaucer(c.1343–25October1400),knownastheFatherofEnglishliterature,iswidelyconsideredthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheMiddleAgesandwasthefirstpoettohavebeenburiedinPoet'sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.•Amonghismanyworks,whichincludeTheBookoftheDuchess,theHouseofFame,theLegendofGoodWomenandTroilusandCriseyde,heisbestknowntodayforTheCanterburyTales.TheCanterburyTales•Thefirstcompleterealisticpoemofthemedievalperiod.HismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksoftheMiddleAges.•AcollectionofstorieswritteninMiddleEnglishbyGeoffreyChaucerattheendofthe14thcentury.Thetales(mostlywritteninverse,althoughsomeareinprose)arepresentedaspartofastory-tellingcontestbyagroupofpilgrimsastheytraveltogetheronajourneyfromSouthwarktotheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.TheprizeforthiscontestisafreemealattheTabardInnatSouthwarkontheirreturn.•ItissometimesarguedthatthegreatestcontributionthatthisworkmadetoEnglishliteraturewasinpopularizingtheliteraryuseofthevernacular,English,ratherthanFrenchorLatin.ThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales1).ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.Thegentleclass---theburgher----theprofessionals2).Thedramaticstructureofthepoem:thestoriesarewellwovenby“links”.3).Chaucer’shumor-----characteristicsfeatureofEnglishliterature----gentlesatireandmildirony.WilliamShakespareShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishRenaissance,andoneofthegreatestwriterstheworldover.AndheisthegreatestplaywrightandpoetintheworldofthehistoryKarlmaxregardedShakespeare’smasterpieceasthegreatestdramaticgeniusofmankind.“Andhisworkisbuiltonthebasisofawiderangeoflife,sohecreatedpenattheendofeverythingmadeusfeelauthentic.Ithasbeensuggestedbefore,hedoesnotbelongtoiscalled'romantic'thescopeofthemodernpoet,butof'naturalistic'schools,becausehisworkisfullofmodernreal.Shakespeare‘slife•Shakespeareproducedmostofhisknownworkbetween1589and1613.Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,genresheraisedtothepeakofsophisticationandartistrybytheendofthe16thcentury.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet,KingLear,Othello,andMacbeth,consideredsomeofthefinestworksintheEnglishlanguage.Inhislastphase,hewrotetragicomedies,alsoknownasromances,andcollaboratedwithotherplaywrights.•VenusandAdonis,anarrativepoemprintedin1593,wasShakespeare’sfirstpublishedworkTheRapeofLucrece,andnarrativepoem,isa“graverlabour”andthesubjecttragic.ThepoemismorerhetoricalandelaboratethanVenusandAdonisand,togetherwiththelatter,showsShakespeare’svirtuosityasapoetHamlet*Origin:ThestorycomesfromanoldDanishlegend*MainIdea:Oneofthefamoustragedy,isShakespeare'smostprestigiousscreenplay,withMikewhite,KingandOthellotogetherwithShakespearefourmajortragedy.InHamlet,revengestoryoflovehatefeelingsorrow.Atthesametime,butalsothetragedyofHamletPrinceofDenmark'sname.AfterhavingadaptedthemovieofthesamenameandShaoxingopera,operaandotherworksofart.*TheimageofHamlet:NotmereabookwormbutfearlessandimpetuousChristopherMarlowe•ChristopherMarlowe(baptisedon26February1564–30May1593)wasanEnglishdramatist,poetandtranslatoroftheElizabethanera.MarlowewastheforemostElizabethantragedianofhisday.HegreatlyinfluencedWilliamShakespeare,whowasborninthesameyearasMarloweandwhorosetobecomethepre-eminentElizabethanplaywrightafterMarlowe'smysteriousearlydeath.Marlowe'splaysareknownfo