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Chapter5InternationalCargoTransportationLearningObjectives•Differentmodesoftransportation•Basicsforoceanshipping•Function,typesandcontentsofbillofLading•Clauseofshipment•Howtochoosethebestmethodforgoods:•Goods’Characteristics•Quantity•Transitjourney•Value•Time•Thenaturalconditionsandsoon.Transportationsegment60%12%14%10%4%seatransportroadtransportairtransportrailtransportother1.Characteristicofseatransport•※largequantities•※cheap•※longdistance•※influencedbynaturalconditions•※slow••1nmile=1.852kilometer•1Knot=1nmile/hour•25Knot=25×1.852=46.3kilometer/hour••(一)Linertransport班轮运输•1.Thefeaturesoflinersusuallyinclude:⑴Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandcomparativelyfixedfreight.•⑵theship-ownerusuallyleasespartofshippingspaceinsteadofthewholeship.返回目录⑶Thecarrierisresponsibleforloadingandunloadingoperation.⑷TheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.TherightsandobligationsofthecarrierandtheconsignorarebasedontheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompany.返回目录世界著名班轮公司举例•1、MAERSKSHIPPINGCO.,LTD.：简写MAERSK，全球最大的集装•箱承运人，服务网络遍及六大洲中文名“马士基航运有限公司”，中•文简称“马士基”，丹麦船公司；•2、COSCOLOGISTICSCO.,LTD.：简写COSCO，中文名“中远物流•有限公司”，中文简称“中远”，中国船公司；全球第二大航运企业•3、CHINASHIPPINGCONTAINERLINESCO.,LTD.：简写CSCL，中•文名“中海集装箱运输”，中文简称“中海”，中国船公司；•4、AMERICANPRESIDENTLINECO.,LTD：简写APL，中文名“美国•总统轮船有限公司”，中文简称“美国总统”，美国船公司；•5、ORIENTOVERSEASCONTAINERLINECO.,LTD.：简写OOCL，•中文名“东方海外货柜航运有限公司”，简称“东方海外”，香港船公•司,董建华家族的。2.Thelinerfreight(班轮运费)ThelinerfreightischargedaccordingtoLiner’sFreightTariff.Thelinerfreightincludesbasicfreightandsurcharges.ThebasicfreightischargedaccordingtothestandardofLiner’sFreightTariff.Thebasicstandardsforcalculatingfreightarestipulatedasfollows:返回目录(1)Grossweight,i.e.,weightton,whichindicatedby“W”inthetariff.→heavycargo•(2)Volume,i.e.,measurementton,whichis•indicatedby“M”inthetariff.→lightcargoes•(3)Grossweightorvolumeweight,choosingthe•higherratebetweenthetwo,whichisindicatedby•“W/M”inthetariff.•e.g:Toexporthoney,theweighttonis0.09M/T,themeasurementis0.085cubicmeter.AccordingtoW/M返回目录•⑶Thevalueofthecargo,i.e.,acertainpercentageofFOBpricewhichisindicated“A.V.”inthetariff.→gold、silver、preciousstones、valuabledrawingsandpaintings•⑷GrossweightorvolumeorA.V.,i.e.,choosingthehighestrateofthethree,whichisindicated•by“W/M”or“A.V.•(5)Grossweightorvolume,andthenplusa•certainpercentageofA.V.,whichis•indicatedby“W/M”plus“A.V.”.•(6)Thenumberofthecargo.→foronetruckor•oneheadofliveanimal•(7)Accordingtotheopenrate→grains、ores、•coalThemainsurchargesareasfollows•Heavyliftadditional•Longlengthadditional•Directadditional直航附加费•Transshipmentsurcharge•Portsurcharge港口附加费•Portcongestionsurcharge港口拥堵附加费•Optionalfees•Alterationsurcharge变更卸货港附加费Thewaytocalculatethefreight•A.FirsttranslatetheEnglishnameofthecommodity,•findoutthefreightstandardofcalculatingorthe•freightgrade.•B.Findoutthebasicfreightrateintheroutefreight•tariffaccordingtothegradesandpurposesearoute,•thentherelativesurchargesforthesuitableroute•andbasicport.•C.Thebasicfreightrateplusvariousadditional•surchargesisthefreightperfreightton.★Freightperfreightton=thebasicfreightrate+∑rateofsurcharge★Totalfreightamount=thefreighttonofthegoods×freightperfreighttonFormula•Timecharter:Theshipownerisresponsiblefortheship’smaintenance,repairandcrew’swages;buttransportationofthegoods,loadingandunloadingthegoodsarebornebythecharterer.Timecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtotheperiodoftimeandthecontractdoesn’thavetostipulatetimeofshipment.•3.Voyagecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtothequantitiesofthegoodsshippedandthecontractshallstipulatetimeofshipmentorrateofshipment;返回目录2、AirTransportAdvantages:•Highspeed•Quicktransit•Lowriskofdamageandpilferagewithcompetitiveinsurance•Savinginpackingcost•ReducingamountofcapitaltiedupintransitDisadvantages•Thelimitedcapacity•Highfreight•Weightrestrictions•InfluencedofweatherSuitforthegoodsareoftimepressing,smallquantityofcargoesbuturgentneed,lightbutprecious.••Scheduledairline班机运输•AirtransportChartedcarrier包机运输•Consolidation集中托运•Airexpress急件运送DocumentTheairwaybillItisalsocalledairconsignmentnote,isadocumentorconsignmentornoteusedforthecarriageofgoodsbyairsuppliedbythecarriertotheconsignor.国内主要航空公司及其代码两字代码中文名英文名CA中国国际航空（集团）公司AirChinaMU中国东方航空（集团）公司ChinaEasternAirlinesCZ中国南方航空（集团）公司ChinaSouthernAirlinesMF厦门航空有限公司XiamenAirlinesLtd.3U四川航空股份有限公司SichuanAirlinesFM上海航空公司ShanghaiAirlinesHU海南航空股份有限公司HainanAirlines4G深圳航空公司ShenzhenAirlinesSC山东航空公司ShandongAirlines•TheNo.1isretainedbytheairlineforfilingandaccountingpurposes.—“forthecarrier”.Itissignedbytheconsignor.•TheNo.2istobecarriedwiththeconsignmentanddeliveredtotheconsigneeatthedestination.—“Fortheconsignee”.Itissignedbythecarrier,aswellastheconsignor,andissentwiththegoodstotheconsignee.•TheNo.3isfortheshipper,whomaypresentittothenegotiatingbankasashippingdocumentevidencingshipmenthavingbeenmade.—“Fortheconsignor”.••四、CombinedTransport联合运输•返回目录3、Railwaytransport•Advantages•Highspeed•Withlargequantities•Safe•Lowcost•Punctual•LessinfluencebyweatherTypesRailwaytransportathome•RailwaytransporttoH.K.andMacao•Internat