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Book12PaperandPaperboardConvertingSerieseditorsJohanGullichsen,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnologyHannuPaulapuro,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnologyBookeditorAnttiSavolainen,TampereUniversityofTechnolgySeriesreviewerBrianAttwood,St.Anne'sPaperandPaperboardDevelopmentsLTDBookreviewerDavidJ.Bentley,Jr.,RBSTechnologies,Inc.PublishedincooperationwiththeFinnishPaperEngineers'associationandTAPPIForewordJohanGullichsenandHannuPaulapuroPAPERMAKINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYPapermakingisavast,multidisciplinarytechnologythathasexpandedtremendouslyinrecentyears.Significantadvanceshavebeenmadeinallareasofpapermaking,includingrawmaterials,productiontechnology,processcontrolandendproducts.Thecomplexityoftheprocesses,thescaleofoperationandproductionspeedsleavelittleroomforerrorormalfunction.Modernpapermakingwouldnotbepossiblewithoutapropercommandofagreatvarietyoftechnologies,inparticularadvancedprocesscontrolanddiagnosticmethods.Notonlyhasthetechnologyprogressedandnewtechnologyemerged,butourunderstandingofthefundamentalsofunitprocesses,rawmaterialsandproductpropertieshasalsodeepenedconsiderably.Thevariationsintheindustry'sheterogeneousrawmaterials,andthesophisticationofpulpingandpapermakingprocessesrequireaprofoundunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolved.Paperandboardproductsarecomplexinstructureandcontainmanydifferentcomponents.Therequirementsplacedonthewaytheseproductsperformarewide,variedandoftenconflicting.Thoseinvolvedinproductdevelopmentwillcontinuetoneedaprofoundunderstandingofthechemistryandphysicsofbothrawmaterialsandproductstructures.Paperhasplayedavitalroleintheculturaldevelopmentofmankind.Itstillhasakeyroleincommunicationandisneededinmanyotherareasofoursociety.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillcontinuetohaveanimportantplaceinthefuture.Papermust,however,maintainitscompetitivenessthroughcontinuousproductdevelopmentinordertomeettheever-increasingdemandsonitsperformance.Itmustalsobeproducedeconomicallybyenvironment-friendlyprocesseswiththeminimumuseofresources.Tomeetthesechallenges,everyoneworkinginthisfieldmustseeksolutionsbyapplyingthebasicsciencesofengineeringandeconomicsinanintegrated,multidisciplinaryway.Book12PaperandPaperboardConvertingSerieseditorsJohanGullichsen,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnologyHannuPaulapuro,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnologyBookeditorAnttiSavolainen,TampereUniversityofTechnolgySeriesreviewerBrianAttwood,St.Anne'sPaperandPaperboardDevelopmentsLTDBookreviewerDavidJ.Bentley,Jr.,RBSTechnologies,Inc.PublishedincooperationwiththeFinnishPaperEngineers'associationandTAPPIForewordJohanGullichsenandHannuPaulapuroPAPERMAKINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYPapermakingisavast,multidisciplinarytechnologythathasexpandedtremendouslyinrecentyears.Significantadvanceshavebeenmadeinallareasofpapermaking,includingrawmaterials,productiontechnology,processcontrolandendproducts.Thecomplexityoftheprocesses,thescaleofoperationandproductionspeedsleavelittleroomforerrorormalfunction.Modernpapermakingwouldnotbepossiblewithoutapropercommandofagreatvarietyoftechnologies,inparticularadvancedprocesscontrolanddiagnosticmethods.Notonlyhasthetechnologyprogressedandnewtechnologyemerged,butourunderstandingofthefundamentalsofunitprocesses,rawmaterialsandproductpropertieshasalsodeepenedconsiderably.Thevariationsintheindustry'sheterogeneousrawmaterials,andthesophisticationofpulpingandpapermakingprocessesrequireaprofoundunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolved.Paperandboardproductsarecomplexinstructureandcontainmanydifferentcomponents.Therequirementsplacedonthewaytheseproductsperformarewide,variedandoftenconflicting.Thoseinvolvedinproductdevelopmentwillcontinuetoneedaprofoundunderstandingofthechemistryandphysicsofbothrawmaterialsandproductstructures.Paperhasplayedavitalroleintheculturaldevelopmentofmankind.Itstillhasakeyroleincommunicationandisneededinmanyotherareasofoursociety.Thereisnodoubtthatitwillcontinuetohaveanimportantplaceinthefuture.Papermust,however,maintainitscompetitivenessthroughcontinuousproductdevelopmentinordertomeettheever-increasingdemandsonitsperformance.Itmustalsobeproducedeconomicallybyenvironment-friendlyprocesseswiththeminimumuseofresources.Tomeetthesechallenges,everyoneworkinginthisfieldmustseeksolutionsbyapplyingthebasicsciencesofengineeringandeconomicsinanintegrated,multidisciplinaryway.ChapterForewordPaperandPaperboardConverting-Page1TheFinnishPaperEngineers'Associationhaspreviouslypublishedtextbooksandhandbooksonpulpingandpapermaking.Thelasteditionappearedintheearly80's.Thereisnowaclearneedforanewseriesofbooks.Itwasfeltthatthenewseriesshouldprovidemorecomprehensivecoverageofallaspectsofpapermakingscienceandtechnology.Also,thatitshouldmeettheneedforanacademic-leveltextbookandatthesametimeserveasahandbookforproductionandmanagementpeopleworkinginthisfield.Theresultisthisseriesof19volumes,whichisalsoavailableasaCD-ROM.WhenthedecisionwasmadetopublishtheseriesinEnglish,itwasnaturaltoseektheassistanceofaninternationalorganizationinthisfield.TAPPIwastheobviouspartnerasitisveryactiveinpublishingbooksandothereducationalmaterialonpulpingandpapermaking.TAPPIimmedi