动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习(含答案)

1动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习（含答案）一、动词不定式1、动词不定式的形式动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“notto（do）”Heaskedmetoplaychesswithhim。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)1sawaboygoacrosstheroadjustnow。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)Theteachertoldmenottobelateagain.老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法2、动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。(1)不定式作宾语①不定式作宾语的情况比较多，经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+todosth。结构)的动词有：begin(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)，learn(学会)，expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)，forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)，decide(决定)，try(尝试)，continue(继续)，prefer(比较喜欢)，pretend(假装)等。如Ihopetoseethefamousscientist。(tosee作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。②不定式作某些形容词的宾语。例：ready(准备好)，anxious(急于)，able(能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sorry(难过)，afraid(害怕)，pleased(高兴)，willing(愿意)等。如I’mgladtomeetyou。(tomeet作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如：whentodo(什么时候做)；howtodo(怎样做)；whattodo(做什么)；whytodo(为什么做)；whichtodo(做哪一个)等。如Idon'tknowwhattobuyformymother。(whattobuy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。（2）不定式用作宾语补足语常用结构形式“动词+宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb+todosth)动词有：ask(请)，force(强迫)，allow(允许)，expect(期望，盼望)，Invite(邀请)，want(要)，2tell(告诉)，advise(建议)，help(帮助)，persuade(说服)，permit(准许)等。如JoanaskedMarytospeakfirst。(Mary在句中作宾语，tospeak补充说明Mary要做的事)(3)不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面，有时放在句首。如WeranovertowelcomethenewfriendsfromtheUSA。(towelcome作目的状语)(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)Tolearnmathsisveryimportant。=Itisveryimportanttolearnmaths。学数学很重要。3、省略to的不定式(1)使役动词（make，let，have）和感官动词（see,notice,hear）后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to.Makesb.dosth.使某人做某事letsb.dosth。让某人做某事havesb.dosth.使某人做某事noticesh.do(doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多seesb.do(doing)sth。看见某人(正在)做某事hearsb.do(doing)sth。听见某人(正在)做某事如:1oftenseehimrunontheroad。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。(2)固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)要做某事二、动名词1、动名词的基本形式和性质动名词是动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。“动词原形加-ing”构成Sheisfondofcollectingstamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。32、常见的可接动名词的动词短语有Like/dislike/enjoy/havefun+doing喜欢做mind(sb)doing介意做imaginedoing想象做suggestdoing建议做practicedoing练习做finishdoing结束做whatabout/howaboutdoingsth做某事如何Thankyoufordoingsth.为…感谢某人atthebeginningof的起初；……的开始keep/go(on)/continuedoing持续做can’thelpdoing情不自禁做can’tstanddoing不能忍受做can’tstopdoingsth忍不住做某事feellikedoing想要做go+doing(goshopping)去做某事no+doing禁止做某事beworthdoing值得做bebusydoingsth忙于做某事spendtime/money(in)doing花费时间做某事wastetime/money(in)doing浪费时间做某事considerdoingsth考虑做某事havetrouble/difficulty/problems/experience(in)doing做某事有困难/有经验usedtodo过去常常做某事be/getusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth.被用来作某事be/get/usedtodoing习惯于做某事payattentiontodoing注意做某事holdontodoingsth坚持做某事lookforwardtodoing期望做某事4beinterestedindoing=takeaninterestindoing对---感兴趣begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth.擅长作某事about:beworriedaboutdoing担忧做beembarrassedaboutdoing尴尬做beannoyedaboutdoing反感做with:bepleasedwithdoing对做---满意preferdoingtodoing宁愿—也不愿without:withoutdoing没做from:stopsb(from)doing=preventsbfromdoing=keepsbfromdoing(但keepsbdoing使某人不停的做)by:bydoing通过做三、动词不定式和动名词的关系（1）有的动词接动词＋doing和接动词+todo意义无大区别begindoing/begintodostartdoing/starttodo开始做continuedoing/todo持续做likedoing/liketodolovedoing/lovetodo喜欢做hatedoing/hatetodo讨厌做33.有的动词接动词＋doing和接动词+todo意义不同forgetdoing忘记做过某事forgettodo忘记去做某事（还未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事remembertodo记得要去做某事（还未做）stopdoing=giveupdoingsth停止做某事stoptodo停下来去做另一件事5try/tryone’sbesttodo尽力做needdoing需要被做(主语指物)needtodo需要做（主语指人）四、实战练习(1)从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。()1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest()2.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying()3.You’dbetter______yourbike_____atonce.ItisMondaytomorrow,youknow.A.tohave,mendB.have,mendedC.have,tomendD.tohave,mended()4.---Look!Thelightsintheclassroomarestillon.---Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningthemoffB.turnthemoffC.toturnthemoffD.havingturnedthemoff()5.“Can’tyouread?”theofficersaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.pointangrily()6.Thecomputercenter,_______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened()7.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman_______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive()8.---What’sthelanguage_______inNewZealand?6---English.A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak()9.Hedidn’tfeellike_______outforawalk,becausehehadcaughtacold.A.togoB.goesC.goneD.going()10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning()11.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin()12.Aclockismadefor_______usthetime.A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tells()13.You’dbetter_______athomeallthetime.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.don’tstayB.notostayC.notstayD.notstaying()14.Thestudentsarebusy_______readyfortheexamnow.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget()15.Themotheraskedtheboy_______downtheladder,buthewenton_______instead.A.come;climbingB.tocome;toclimbC.tocome;climbingD.coming;climbing(2)语法选择填空。Sometimesyoujustneedaquicktriptothebeach.Idecided1PuertoRico.Theisland,2isaUSAterritory(地域),offersAmericansallthecomfortsofdomestic(国内的)travel.ButPuertoRicoalsohasCaribbeanbeachesandLatinculturealong3waterfa