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TheTiger(fromSongsOfExperience)ByWilliamBlakeTranslation(卞之琳译)老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？什么样遥远的海底、天边烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？跨什么翅膀它胆敢去凌空？凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？什么样功夫，什么样胳膊拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？等到你的心一开始蹦跳，什么样惊心动魄的手、脚？什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？到临了，星星扔下了金枪，千万滴银泪洒遍了苍穹，完工了再看看，他可会笑笑？不就是造羊的把你也造了？老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？AnalysisTiger!Tiger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?Inthefirstverse,theauthorcomparesthefiercenessofatigertoaburningpresenceindarkforests.Hewonderswhatimmortalpowercouldcreatesuchafearfulbeast.InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?Herethepoetcomparestheburningeyesofthetigertodistantfirethatonlysomeonewithwingscouldreach.Thepoetwonderswheresuchapowerfulfirecouldhavecomefrom?Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?Inthisversethepoetgivesusavisionthatthetiger'sbeatingheartawakeningapowerfulbeast.Thephrase...twistthesinewsofthyheartisanallusionthatabeastofpreymusthavetowardsthecreaturesitkills.Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whattheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?Thisversecontinuestheallusiontoacreator,who,havingmadethefearsomebeast,mustconfrontwiththesheerterrorofatiger'snature.Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwater’dheavenwiththeirtears,Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?Herethepoetwonderswhetherthecreatorofthefiercetigercouldalsomakethegentlelamb.Heseemshaveaconflictionbetweenthecreationofheartless,burningpredatoranditspotentialvictim,thelamb.Tiger!Tiger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry?Thefinalverserepeatedthewondrousquestionofthetiger'screationandgivesthereaderanotherchancetothinkthequestion,“Whatimmortalhandoreye?”Theanswerliesinthereader'sinterpretationofcreation:DidGodcreatethefearsomealongwiththegentle?WhydoesHeallowthetigertoburninthedarkforest,whilethelambgambolsintheglenunderthestarsofthatverycreation?MeterThepoemisintrochaictetrameterStructureandRhymeSchemeThepoemconsistsofsixquatrains.(Aquatrainisafour-linestanza).Eachquatraincontainstwocouplets.(Acoupletisapairofrhymingline).Thuswehavea24-linespoemwith12coupletsand6stanzas–aneat,balancedpoem.FiguresofSpeechAlliteration:Tiger,tiger,burningbright(line1)framethyfearfulsymmetry?(line4)Metaphor:Comparethetiger’seyestofire.Anaphora:Repetitionofwhatatthebeginningofsentencesorclauses.(首语重复法)Example:Whatdreadhandandwhatdreadfeet?/Whatthehammer?whatthechain?SymbolsTheTiger:Evil(orSatan)TheLamb:GodDistantDeeps:HellSkies:HeavenThemeThepoemismoreaboutthecreatorofthetigerthanitisaboutthetigeritself.ThepoetwasatalosstoexplainhowthesameGodwhomadethelambcouldmakethetiger.So,thethemeis:humansareincapableoffullyunderstandingthemindofGodandthemysteryofhishandiwork.