兰商英语

1兰州商学院英语期末考试历年真题（11年+13年）Socratesgivesusabasicinsightintothenatureofteachingwhenhecomparestheartofteachingtotheancientcraftofthemidwife.Justasthemidwifeassiststhebodytogivebirthtonewlife,sotheteacherassiststhemindtodeliveritselfofideas,knowledge,andunderstanding.Theessentialnotionhereisthatteachingisahumble,helpingart.Theteacherdoesnotproduceknowledgeorstuffideasintoanempty,passivemind.Itisthelearner,nottheteacher,whoistheactiveproducerofknowledgeandideas.Theancientsdistinguishtheskillsofthephysicianandthefarmerfromthoseoftheshoemakerandthehousebuilder.Aristotlecallsmedicineandagriculturecooperativearts,becausetheyworkwithnaturetoachieveresultsthatnatureisabletoproducebyitself.Shoesandhouseswouldnotexistunlessmenproducedthem;butthelivingbodyattainshealthwithouttheinterventionofdoctors,andplantsandanimalsgrowwithouttheaidoffarmers.Theskilledphysicianorfarmersimplymakeshealthorgrowthmorecertainandregular.Teaching,likefarmingandhealing,isacooperativeartwhichhelpsnaturedowhatitcandoitself—thoughnotaswellwithoutit.Wehavealllearnedmanythingswithouttheaidofateacher.Someexceptionalindividualshaveacquiredwidelearninganddeepinsightwithverylittleformalschooling.Butformostofustheprocessoflearningismademorecertainandlesspainfulwhenwehaveateacher’shelp.Hismethodicalguidancemakesourlearning—anditisstillours—easierandmoreeffective.Onebasicaspectofteachingisnotfoundintheothertwocooperativeartsthatworkwithorganicnature.Teachingalwaysinvolvesarelationbetweenthemindofonepersonandthemindofanother.Theteacherisnotmerelyatalkingbook,ananimatedphonographrecord,broadcasttoanunknownaudience.Heentersintoadialoguewithhisstudent.Thisdialoguegoesfarbeyondmere“talk,”foragooddealofwhatistaughtistransmittedalmostunconsciouslyinthepersonalinterchangebetweenteacherandstudent.Wemightgetbywithencyclopaedias,phonographrecords,andTVbroadcastsifitwerenotforthisintangibleelement,whichispresentineverygoodteacher-studentrelation.Thisisatwo-wayrelation.Theteachergives,andthestudentreceivesaidandguidance.Thestudentisa“disciple”;thatis,heacceptsandfollowsthedisciplineprescribedbytheteacherforthedevelopmentofhismind.Thisisnotapassivesubmissiontoarbitraryauthority.Itisanactiveappropriationbythestudentofthedirectionsindicatedbytheteacher.Thegoodstudentuseshisteacherjustasachilduseshisparents,asameansofattainingmaturityandindependence.Therecalcitrantstudent,whospurnsateacher’shelp,iswastefulandself-destructive.Speakingsimplyandinthebroadestsense,theteachershowsthestudenthowtodiscern,evaluate,judge,andrecognizethetruth.Hedoesnotimposeafixedcontentofideasanddoctrinesthatthestudentmustlearnbyrote.Heteachesthestudenthowtolearnandthinkforhimself.Heencouragesratherthansuppressesacriticalandintelligentrespon2Thestudent’sresponseandgrowthistheonlyrewardsuitableforsuchalabouroflove.Teaching,thehighestoftheministerialorcooperativearts,isdevotedtothegoodofothers.Itisanactofsupremegenerosity.St.Augustinecallsitthegreatestactofcharity61.D62.C63.A64.D65.A2002.1PassageoneSomepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectrically3poweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.21.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe________.A)itspowersourceB)itsdrivingsystem【外语教育&网】C)itsmonitoringsystemD)itsseatingcapacity（A）22.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?A)Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.B)Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.C)Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.D)Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.（C）23.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?A)Arail.B)Anengine.C)Aretractablearm.D)Acomputercontroller.（A）24.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois________.A)keepintherightlaneB)waittoarriveathisdestinationC)keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenterD)informthesystemofhisdestina