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Lesson14Anobliegangster•1.nobleadj.(nobler,noblest)•1.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire,suchascourage,honestyandcareforothers•崇高的；品质高尚的•e.g.(1)伟大的领袖anobleleader•(2)他为了高尚的事业而牺牲。•Hediedforanoblecause.•2.belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank贵族的；高贵的•e.g.出身高贵的人•amanofnoblebirth•adv.nobly['nəubli]•n.apersonwhocomesfromafamilyofhighsocialrank;amemberofthenobility出身高贵的人；贵族成员•nobility[nəu'biliti]n.1.(thenobility)贵族2.[u](fml)thequalityofbeingnobleincharacter高贵的品质•2.gangster['gæŋstə]•n.amemberofagroupofviolentcriminals匪徒；歹徒；土匪•e.g.芝加哥的歹徒•Chicagogangsters•3.在指时间或地点的名词之后，可用when和where表达定语从句中atwhich或inwhich的含义，如：•e.g.(1)你能否提出一个对我们双方都方便的会面时间吗？•Canyousuggestatimewhen/atwhichitwillbeconvenientforbothofustomeet?•(2)她知道一处我们可在那儿找到野草莓的树林。•Sheknowsawoodwhere/inwhichwecanfindwildstrawberries.•只有当指时间或地点的名词/先行词在从句中起到时间状语或地点状语作用时，才可使用关系副词when或where引导的定语从句，如：•e.g.(1)那是她所能找到的对我们双方都方便的会面时间。•That’sthetime(which)shehasfoundtobeconvenientforbothofustomeet.•(2)他告诉了她孩子们玩捉迷藏时发现的那个藏身之处。•Hetoldherthehiddenplace(which)thechildrenfoundwhileplayinghide-and-seek.•虽然上两例中的先行词指时间和地点，但由于它们在定语从句中起到的是宾语作用（即指Shehasfoundthetimetobeconvenientforbothofustomeet和thechildrenfoundthehiddenplacewhileplayinghide-and-seek）因此只能使用关系代词which/that引导这两个定语从句•4.pay(paid,paid)•Vt.支付，付钱给•e.g.那条裙子你付了多少钱？•Howmuchdidyoupayforthatdress?•注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用payfor•e.g.(1)你付给面包师多少钱？•Howmuchdidyoupaythebaker?•(2)我来付你修理费。Letmepayyoufortherepair.•注：付某人钱用paysb.,为某事付某人钱时用paysb.forsth.但付账单时用payabill,如：•e.g.我已付了账单。•Ihavepaidthebill.•vi.付款，交款•e.g.(1)我将用支票付款。•I’llpaybycheque.(AmEcheck).•(2)杰克付了饮料钱。•Jackpaidforthedrinks.•n.工资，薪金•e.g.(1)酬金不少。•Thepayisgood.•(2)她失去了三周的薪水。•Shelostthreeweeks’pay.•5.sum[sʌm]•n.1.[c,(of)]anamount(ofmoney)金额•e.g.我得花一大笔[大笔大笔的]钱才把它弄回来。•Ihadtospendalargesum/largesumsofmoneytogetitback.•2.thetotalproducedwhennumbers,amounts,etc.,areaddedtogether•和；总数；总和•e.g.6加4之和为10.•Thesumof6and4is10.•insum(fml)usedtointroduceashortstatementofthemainpointsofadiscussion,speech,etc.总之，总而言之•sumv.(-mm-)sumup/sumsthup•tostatethemainpointsofsthinashortandclearform•总结；概括synonym:summarize•e.g.(1)概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。•Tosumup,therearethreemainwaystodealwith/solvetheproblem.•(2)我能否把我们目前已经形成共识的问题作个概括？•CanIjustsumupwhatwehaveagreedsofar?•6.inreturn(for)作为（„的）回报；作为（„的）交换。通常指被看作有同等价值或同等意义上的回报/交换，如：•e.g.(1)对你的好意，他做了些什么呢？•Whatdidhedoinreturnforyourkindness?•(2)他们给予了我们极大的帮助，但我们真为拿不出什么来报答他们而感到遗憾。•Theyhavehelpedusalot,butwereallyfeelsorrythatwehavenothingtogivetheminreturn.•7.protection[prə'tekʃən]•n.1.[u]theactofprotectingorstateofbeingprotected保护；保障；庇护；防卫；抵御•e.g.她那单薄的外衣不怎么御寒。•Herthincoatgave/providedlittleprotectionagainstthecold.•2.[u]also(protectionmoney)(informal)(付给黑社会分子的)保护费3.somethingthatprotects保护物•e.g.鞋是用来保护脚的。•Shoesareaprotectionforthefeet.•v.protect(against,from)tokeepsafe,esp.byguardingorcovering保护，维护，防护•e.g.(1)这些珍禽受到专门法令的保护-它们是受保护的物种。•Theserarebirdsareprotectedbyspeciallaws---theyareprotectedspecies.•(2)维护自己的名誉toprotectone’sreputation•(3)戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。•Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.•8.prompt[prɔmpt]•adj.1.(ofanaction)donequickly,atonce,orattherighttime(行动)立刻的；迅速的；准时的•e.g.(1)如蒙即期结账,则不胜感激。•Promptpaymentofbillsisgreatlyappreciated.•(2)他付房租从不拖延。•Heispromptinpayinghisrent.(租金,租费)•(3)Ican'tunderstandit;he'susuallyveryprompt.•我不明白这是怎么回事,他通常很准时的。•adv.promptlyv.prompt•v.tocauseorurge促使；催促，引起•e.g.(1)看到船使他想起遥远的故乡。•Thesightoftheshipspromptedthoughtsofhisdistanthome.•(2)他的答复促使我再提一个问题。•Hisreplypromptedmetoaskanotherquestion.•9.outofbusiness倒闭，破产•putv.tocausetobeinthestatedcondition使处于（某种状态）•e.g.(1)他把自己的书整理好了。•Heputhisbooksinorder.•(2)他那些乏味的课程总是使我昏昏欲睡。•Hisboringlessonsalwaysputmetosleep.•putsb.outofbusiness使„„倒闭，破产•10.bydestroyinghisshop•用捣毁他的商店的方法在句中作方式状语，修饰动词put，介词by在这里为“以„„方式”之意•destroyv.todamage(sth)soseverelythatitcannotberepaired;putanendtotheexistenceof;ruin破坏，毁坏，摧残；消灭•e.g.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。•Afiredestroyedthehouse.•11.obtainv.(ratherformal)tobecometheownerof,esp.bymeansofeffortorplanning;get（较正式）（尤指通过努力或计划）获得，得到；赢得•e.g.我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。•Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.•12.crime•n.1.罪,罪行[C]•e.g.谋杀罪thecrimeofmurder•2.犯罪,违法犯罪活动[U]•e.g.防止犯罪是警察的任务。•Itisthejobofthepolicetopreventcrime.•3.违反道德的行为,罪过[C]•e.g.浪费食物是一种罪过。•It'sacrimetowastefood.•criminal['kriminəl]n.apersonwhoisguiltyofcrime犯人，罪犯[C]•e.g.惯犯ahardened(有经验的)•criminaladj.beingacrime犯罪的；犯法的•e.g.犯罪行为：criminalbehavior•13.aslongagoas追溯到„„，早在„„作时间状语，说明动作made发生的时间，如：•e.g.我早在1960年就认识他了。•Iknewhimaslongagoastheyear1960.•14.Sirn.(atitleusedbeforethefirstnameofaknightorbaronet用于男爵或从男爵名字之前的尊称)•(baronet['bærənit]n.从男爵)（knightn.(近代英国的)爵士）•e.g.詹姆斯·威尔逊爵士•SirJamesWilson詹姆斯爵士•SirJames（不能称SirWilson）•15.remarkable•adj.(for)worthmentioning,esp.becauseunusualornoticeable(尤褒)值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的Opposite:unremarkablee.g.•(1)他是一位杰出的语言学家。•Heisaremarkablelinguist.•(2)非常壮观的日落（景象）•amostremarkablesunset•(3)芬兰以它的众多湖泊著称。•Finlandisremarkableforthelargenumberofitslakes.•adv.remarkably(usedesp.withadjectivesandadverbs尤与形容词和副词连用)不寻常地；突出地•e.g.(1)他唱得特别好。•Hesingsremarkablywell.•(2)特别晴朗的一天。•aremarkablyfineday•remarkv.tosayesp.sththatonehasjustnoticed;giveasanopinion谈到；说