英文文献基于重心法和层次分析法的仓库选址觉得模型

InternationalJournalofBusinessandManagementJuly,200971ADecisionModelofFieldDepotLocationBasedontheCentrobaricMethodandAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)ChangChenAdministrationInstituteofShenyangUniversity54LianHeStreet,Shenyang110044,ChinaTel:86-24-8156-2236E-mail:[e-mail]byShenyangMunicipalFederationofSocialScienceCircles.No.20090409(ThestrategiccountermeasureofconstructinganddevelopingtheLogisticsParkinShenyang)AbstractWarehouselocationisoneofthemostimportantlogisticsactivities.Theselectionofthemosteffectivewarehousingmodehasbecomeastrategicstudy.Thispaperwillintroducethefactorsinfluencingthedecisionprocessinselectingthewarehouselocationsbasedongravitymodelapproachandanalytichierarchyprocess.Intheend,theauthorwillsummarizethemethodsandtheresults.Keywords:SelectionofWarehouselocation,Centrobaricmethod,Analytichierarchyprocess(AHP)Warehouselocationselectionplaysaveryimportantandlong-termroleincorporatestrategy.Theselectionresultusuallyhasdirectimpactonthemode,level,efficiency,andcostofserviceprovided.Thus,warehouselocationcanpotentiallyaffectcorporateprofitsandcompetitiveadvantage.Itissafetosaythatthestudyonwarehouseselectionwillhavesignificanteffectoneconomyandsociety.1.Analysisoffactorsinwarehouseselection1.1DistributionofSaleslocationTotheretailingwarehouse,itsmajorcustomersaresupermarketsandretailingstores.Thesecustomersareusuallylocatedinmetropolitancitieswithlargepopulation.Toenhancethelevelofservicewhileloweringthedistributiontransportationcost,thewarehousesarenormallybuiltnearthecustomersintheareasofsuburbs1.2TransportationThewarehouselocationshavetotakeintoconsiderationthecurrentandfutureavailabilityoftransportationaswellasthetransportationdevelopmentintheneighborhoodareas.Itisbesttoselecttheplacenearthehighways,nationalarteries,andexpressways.Alsothelocationcouldbenearthetrainstationandharborifthetransportationiscarriedoutbyrailorship.1.3LandTheselectionoflandmustbeconductedinawaythatcompliestotheregulationsofrulessetbymunicipalorother-levelgovernment.Itisusuallyagoodchoicetolocatethelandinmajordistributioncentersoreconomicdevelopmentzones.Ifapplicable,thedecisionofthelocationshouldbemadebasedontheplanningofthesecentersorzones.Inaddition,thepotentialincreaseinrealestatevaluecouldalsoplayapartintheselectionprocess.1.4NaturalenvironmentItisimportanttoacquiretheknowledgeofthenaturalenvironmentinordertoreducetherisksinvolvedinconstructingthewarehouse.Forexample,naturalconditionscouldbethehumidity,saltiness,precipitation,typhoon,earthquake,andriver.1.5PolicyenvironmentIfthereissupportingpoliciesavailablefromthegovernment,thelogisticswillhaveveryfavorableconditiontodevelop.Thesepoliciescouldincludeonessuchasthefavorableincentivesforcorporate(thesupplyoflandandreductionofVol.4,No.7InternationalJournalofBusinessandManagement72tax),municipalinfrastructureplanning(thedevelopmentofrealestate,androadconstruction),thepoliciesofpromotingcertainlocalindustries.Especiallytaxreductioncouldmeandirectreductionintheoperationalexpenses.2.TheApplicationofCentrobaricMethodWeassumethattheultimategoalistoreducethecostofdistributingthegoodstotheirdifferentdestination,theformulais:MinTC=™ViRidi(0)Note:TC-----TotalTransportationCost;Vi-----VolumeatDestinationPointiRi-----RateofTransportationtoatDestinationPointidi-----DistancefromdistributioncenterstoatDestinationPointii-----DestinationPointiIntheCoordinatePlane,theto-be-determinedlocationofthewarehouseis(X0,Y0),thenwehave™ViRiXi/di™ViRi/di(1)™ViRiYi/di™ViRi/di(2)Notedicanbecalculatedfromthefollowingformula,di=SQR[(X0-Xi)2+(Y0-Yi)2](3)Theprocessofcalculatingisasfollows:1.Determinethecoordinatesofindividualdestinationswithacertainsetofvolumesandtheratesoftransportation;2.Withoutthefactorofdistance,theinitialdestinationpointwouldbedecidedbythefollowingCentrobaricMethod™ViRiXii™ViRi(4)™ViRiYi™ViRi(5)3.Fromformula3,dicouldbederivedfromstep2;4.Withdiknown,coordinate(X0,Y0)canbecalculatedfromformula(1)and(2)5.Withtherevised(X0,Y0),anewroundofcalculation6.Repeatstep4and5untilvariancesof(X0,Y0)throughtheiterativeprocessarewithinaacceptablerange.AssumethetwochoicesofdestinationpointsAandBareknownwithrelatedparameters,thecalculationprocesscouldbefinishedthroughtheExceltemplateintheappendix.TomakethecoordinatesinthesameQuadrant,weassumethewarehouselocationis(0,30).Theresultoftheoptimalcoordinateis(12.43288,25.13579),pleaserefertotheappendixfortheresult.ThisisinlinewiththechoiceA.Therefore,Ashouldbethelocationforwarehouse.3.DeterminationoflocationswithAHPmethodThefirststepistosetgoals,namelydeterminingpointAandB.Thenbasedontheexperienceofthedecisionmaker,relevantfactorsinfluencingthegoalshouldbeidentifiedout.Thesefactorswillbethelistedatthesecondlayerbelowthegoal.Nowthereisaneedtodeterminetheweights(priorities)ofthe5elements.Prioritieswillbecomparedinpairs,AHPwillcomparetwoofthe5factorstoassessthepriorities.Consequently,everyelementwillhaveitsownweightrelativetoeachother.Thenthenextstepwillanalyzetheoverallresults,arriveatacomprehensiveweight,andassigneachf