Unit-3-Preserving-Our-Planet

Unit3PreservingOurPlanetPartBGrammar(比较级)PartCTranslation(增词)PartDSupplementaryReading(ArtforSale)Text——————————————Warm-upQuestions:1.Doyouknowhowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment?2.Whatkindsofenvironmentalproblemshaveappearedonourplanetinrecentyears?3.Haveyougotsomeideasabouthowtopreserveourplanet?PreservingOurPlanetDespitedecadesofscientificresearch,no-oneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.dogoodtododamageto,doharmtobenefitharm,hurt,injuretobeinchargeoftoberesponsibleforHumansarethoughttoberesponsibleforalargenumberofenvironmentalproblems,rangingfromglobalwarmingtoozonedepletion.Whatisnotindoubt,however,isthedevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.Havebad/devastatingeffect/impact/influenceonNow/Atpresent,Recently,Currently,Architect,Urbanplanner,CityplannerInteriordesigner,RoomAcoustics,HistorianConsultant,geographer,landscapedesignerOffice,SchoolofArchitectureProfessionalCurrently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson/continues/goeson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity.Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittle/noideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholefloodofotherextinctions.Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion－which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissions－preservingbio-diversityremainsanintractableproblem.Thelatestideaissustainablemanagement.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.EncourageenforceenableempowerenlargeenrichEnjoyensureeconomics–ethics––physicsspeciesprefer–preferenceinfer–inferencerefer–referenceglobal–regional–localinhabitant–immigrant-accountantSustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstillegalhunting,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,forinstance,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofhuntingthemillegally－orallowingotherstodoso－becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.Withcorruptionpopularinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversaresuspiciousthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingillegalhunters.Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofmilesofgreatbio-diversitysuchastheworld'stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants－allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.allow---permit1)Youareallowedtogotoapartyanytimeifyouwant.2)Makesureyougetpermissionforhowlongyoumaystaythere.rejectone’sinvitationHerefusestoanswermyquestiontwiceasmuchas=doubletripleFourtimesasmuchas…Twoforone.Takeone,5%off;Taketwo,50%off;TakethethirdpairforFREE.FreeofchargeDiscountCommissionIncontrolUndercontrolOutofcontrolDominateSustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Becausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedincomefromlogging,therearefewregulations=ruleandincentives=motivationtodothis.Infact,forloggers,themostsensibleeconomicapproachistocutdownasmanytreesasquicklyaspossible.Thepriceofhouseisrisingrapidly/greatly/significantly/dramaticallySoar–risedropfluctuateremainstableHighprice/lowprice=cheapexpensiveNecessityluxuryNecessaryluxuriousWiththeimprovementofourstandardofliving,whatareconsideredluxuries,suchascars,andboats,aremorenecessitiesforagrowingnumberofpeople.Localprice/reasonableprice/drop/reduce/control/fluctuatesoar=risingThereareanumberofreasonsforthereductionofforestsinAfrica.Onereasonisthestablepriceofmostcommercialtreespeciesintropicalforests.Typically,theyriseinvalueannuallyby,atmost,fourtofivepercent.Contrastthiswithinterestratesinmostdevelopingcountries,whereinvestorscantypicallyexpectreturnsof15percentormore.Clearly,itmakesnoeconomicsensetodelayharvests.returnaward--bonus,packagetour,rewarding=makesense/clarifyverifysatisfyOnesolutionmightbetoverifywoodwhichcomesfromsustainablymanagedforests.Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandsoforce/push/order/ask/assign/appoint/willingto/volunteer/offertodosthHehasservedinthesocialwelfareasa_____,andheofferstodoallthathecando,someofwhicharewhatheisnotwillingtodo.makehugeprofit/profitable/non-profitableloggingcompaniestogogreenorgooutofbusiness.Unfortunately,unrestrict