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EnglishLiteratureReviewTypesofquestions•Ⅰ.Blankfilling(2×15=30’)•Ⅱ.MultipleChoice(1×20=20’)•Ⅲ.TrueorFalse(1×10=10’)•Ⅳ.LiteraryTerms(2×5’=10’)•Ⅴ.PoemAppreciation(2×15’=30’)Whatwe’velearned?•TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod•TheAnglo-NormanPeriod•The14thcentury•TheRenaissance•The17thcentury•The18thcentury•The19thcentury•The20thcenturyBeowulfRomance;WilliamLanglandGeoffreyChaucerWilliamShakespeareJohnMilton&JohnBunyanEnlightment;RealisticNovel;Sentimentalism，Pre-romanticismRomanticism;CriticalRealismStreamofConsciousnessModernismIntroductiontoLiterature•Definition:Literatureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium.Literatureistheworkofmenwhoarespeciallysensitivetothelanguageoftheirtimeandwhousesuchskilltomakepermanenttheirvisionoflife.IntroductiontoLiterature•LiteratureForm：•Fictionhavefourgenres:novels,shortstories,plays,andpoems.•Fictionisreferredtoascreativeorfigurativeexpressionoflife.•Non-fictionisessay,whichhastraditionallybeenclassifiedinto4categories:description,narration,exposition,andargumentation.Anglo-Saxon:449-1066EnglishLiteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.England’snationalepic:BeowulfEpic：alongnarrativepoetrytellingthestoryofhero’sdeedsoftheoldtime.Anglo-NormanPeriod•1066,TheNormanConquest•ThebattleofHastingsbyWilliamI,DukeofNormandy.•Romance:alongcomposition,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.•Theheroisusuallyaknightwhoisloyaltothekingandlord.•TheculminationoftheArthurianromancesSirGawainandtheGreenKnightWilliamLangland•DistinctClasses:TheLandlordandthePeasant•PiersthePlowman:writteninaformofdreamvision,describingapictureoffeudalEngland.•Allegory:usessymbolismtorelatetruth.•Ballad:astorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.RobinHoodGeoffreyChaucer•Themostimportantwriterinthe14thcentury.•“FatherofEnglishpoetry”:ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzas---heroiccouplet.Heroiccouplet:isarhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter.(每行五音部，双行押韵）•ContributiontothestandardEnglish.•TheRomanceoftheRose《玫瑰罗曼史》(translationfromFrench)•TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》EnglishRenaissance•HenryVII:theTudorDynasty•HenryVIII:theReformation•TheRenaissanceMovementTheRenaissanceandhumanism•TheRenaissancewasanintellectualmovement.ItsprangfromfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Twofeaturesarestriking.OneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureoftheGreekandLatin.Anotherfeatureisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.•Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.EnglishRenaissance•Poet:EdmundSpenser;WilliamShakespeare•Sonnet:Afourteen-linepoeminiambicpentameterwithacarefullypatternedrhymescheme–ababcdcdefefgg•EdmundSpenser:TheFairyQueenandsonnet75•Essayist:FrancisBaconandOfStudies•Writer:ThomasMoreandUtopia(1520s---1620s)•Thehighestglory:drama•TheMiraclePlayandTheMoralityplay:Mercy---;Folly---•Playwright:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeare•ChristopherMarlowefirstmadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.•BlankVerse:rhymelessiambicpentameter.WilliamShakespeare•Greatcomedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeItandTwelfthNight•Greattragedies:Hamlet,KingLear,MacbethandOthello•RomeoandJuliet•TheTempest•Sonnet18:rhyme,writingtechniquesandtheme.Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare•SonnetisaveryimportantformofEnglishmetricalpoetry.Ithas14lineswrittentoaregularrhymescheme.•SonnetwasinventedbytheItalianpoet,FrancescoPetrarchintheearly14thcentury.•TheShakespeareansonnetismadeupof3quatrainsfollowedbyacouplet.•Itsrhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:evenly-tempered;notovercomebypassion.ababSonnet18WilliamShakespeareSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature‘schangingcourseuntrimm’d;thesunthebeautyofeverythingbeautifulwillfadethenaturalchangesagebrings.Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareButthyeternalsummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:thatbeautyyoupossess.Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareSolongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareRhymeScheme:ababcdcdefefggTheme:Inthesonnet,thepoetcompareshisbelovedtothesummerseason,andarguesthathisbelovedisbetter.Thepoetalsostatesthathisbelovedwillliveonforeverthroughthewordsofthepoem.Sonnet75EdmundSpenserOnedayIwrotehernameuponthestrand,Butcamethewavesandwasheditaway:AgayneIwroteitwithasecondhand,Butcamethetyde,andmademypayneshispray.Sonnet75“Vayneman,”saydshe,“thatdoestinvaineassay,Amortallthingsotoimmortalize,ForImyselveshalllyketothisdecay,Andeekmynamebeewypédoutlykewize.”giveendlesslifemortal,thatcannotliveforeverSonnet75“Notso,”quodI,“letbaserthingdevize,Todyindust,butyoushalllivebyfame:Myverseyourvertuesrareshalleternize,Andintheheavenswryteyourgloriousname.thethingconsideredasworthlessplanlastandexistforeverSonnet75Wherewhenasdeathshallallthewo