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基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit1Friendship专题3正反解读代词正面解读│反面解读│实战演练1.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive________atry.正面解读【答案】it或running高考链接【解析】考查代词或动名词的用法。句意表达“我们都应该试试跑步”,故填running。此外,本题还可以用it指代running。giveitatry意为“尝试”。正面解读2.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____________(they)alive.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。根据上文的“WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother…”可知,动词find的宾语用宾格,指大猩猩,用复数形式。正面解读3.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby____________(it)mother.【答案】its【解析】修饰名词mother用its。正面解读4.[2014·全国卷Ⅱ]“Oh,dear!It's__________(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.【答案】me/mine【解析】代词作表语时,口语中常用宾格形式;也可以使用名词性物主代词mine,相当于mysuitcase。故填me/mine。正面解读5.[2014·湖南卷]Animportantqualityinaneighbourisconsiderationfor____________(other).【答案】others【解析】此处介词for缺少宾语,应填名词或代词,根据句意“邻居的一个重要品质是为他人着想”可知填others,泛指“其他人”。考点一替代词的使用规则正面解读考点归纳考点归纳it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于theone。其复数形式为those,相当于theonesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为onesthose指“the+名词复数(尤其在有后置定语时)”①Thebookismoreinterestingthanthat/theoneIreadafewdaysago.这本书比我几天前读的那本更有趣。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.桌上的那些书比桌下的那些书要好。②Helpingothersisahabit,oneyoucanlearnevenatanearlyage.帮助别人是一种习惯,一种在你小时候甚至就能学会的习惯。MrLigavememanyvaluablepresents,onesthatIhadneverseen.李先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,这些是我从未见过的。正面解读③YesterdayIlostmypenandIcouldn'tfinditanywhere.SoIhadtobuyone.昨天我丢了钢笔,哪里也没找到,只好又买了一支。考点二it的使用规则(1)指代作用:除了上面讲到的指代前面提到的同一个人或物外,还指代环境、情形;也可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量单位等;在不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可以用it来指代说话对象。Itisalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?正面解读(2)形式作用:it常用来代替不定式、从句、动名词作形式主语或形式宾语。Youmustmakeitcleartothemthatthesituationisserious.你必须让他们清楚形势严峻。[温馨提示]①表示“喜欢;厌恶”等心理方面的动词后跟if/when等引导的从句时,常在从句前加it作形式宾语,常见的词有appreciate,like,love,dislike,hate等。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldteachmehowtousethecomputer.如果你能教我如何用电脑,我将不胜感激。②请注意it的一些固定搭配,如:makeit成功,确定时间为……;getit明白了;whenitcomesto…当提到……等。正面解读—Whenshallwemeetagain?—Makeitanydayyoulike;it'sallthesametome.“我们下一次什么时候见面?”“你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。”正面解读考点三不定代词的使用规则(1)all,both,either,any,neither,none的区别正面解读都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneitherboth+not三者或三者以上allanynoneall+not①Therearetreesonbothsides/eithersideofthestreet.在街的两旁都有树。②Allhorsesareanimals,butnotallanimalsarehorses.所有的马都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。③BecauseHenryandMarkhadtowork,neitherofthemcameyesterday.由于亨利和马克要上班,所以两人昨天都没来。④Theywereallverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptohavearest.他们都非常累,但没有一个想停下来休息。正面解读(2)one,another,theother,some,others,theothers的区别正面解读一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers[温馨提示]“another+基数词+复数名词”=“基数词+other+复数名词”。①Onewashappybuttheotherwasdisappointed.一人感到开心,另一人却感到失望。②SomepeopleliketostayathomeonSunday,whileothersliketogotothecinema.一些人喜欢周日待在家里,而另一些人则喜欢去看电影。③IfeltsobadyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn'tfaceanotherdaylikethat.昨天我感觉很糟,所以今天早上我决定不能再像那样面对一天了。正面解读[温馨提示]“another+基数词+复数名词”=“基数词+other+复数名词”。①Onewashappybuttheotherwasdisappointed.一人感到开心,另一人却感到失望。②SomepeopleliketostayathomeonSunday,whileothersliketogotothecinema.一些人喜欢周日待在家里,而另一些人则喜欢去看电影。③IfeltsobadyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn'tfaceanotherdaylikethat.昨天我感觉很糟,所以今天早上我决定不能再像那样面对一天了。正面解读(3)复合不定代词的区别正面解读某任何每个,所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodynoone/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing①Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.世上无难事,只怕有心人。②Nobodycanachieveanythingofrealsignificanceunlessheworksveryhard.一个人要是不努力,他就将一事无成。(4)any,every的区别正面解读anyeverynotanynotevery(三个或三个以上中)任何一个(三个或三个以上中)每一个任何人/物都不(全部否定)并非每个(部分否定)①Ihavemanybookshere,andyoucantakeanyone.我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。②Everymandies,butnoteverymanreallylives.每个人都会死去,但不是每个人都会真正活出他的价值。考点四人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则正面解读人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they人称代词宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves(1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。Hetoldmewhathadhappened.他告诉我发生了什么。(2)物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。Thosestrangeideasofyourscan'tberealizedatall.你的那些奇想根本没办法实现。正面解读(3)反身代词有myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,在句中作主语同位语、宾语、表语或同位语。①Hewasrunningsofastthathecouldn'tstophimself.他跑得太快了,一下子停不下来。②Itwouldbebettertorelyonourselvesthanonothers.与其求人,不如求己。正面解读误区之一代词“格”的误用【误】ItwasagreatprivilegeforItobeabletospendsomuchtimewithhimdownhere.【正】Itwasagreatprivilegeformetobeabletospendsomuchtimewithhimdownhere.[分析]介词之后要用代词宾格作宾语,故I改为me。句意:能跟他在这里相处这么久,对我来说真是莫大的荣幸。反面解读误区之二代词“单复数”的误用【误】Thestudentsmustbemadetounderstandhowimportanteachsubjectistohim.【正】Thestudentsmustbemadetounderstandhowimportanteachsubjectistothem.[分析]指代复数名词thestudents应用复数代词them,故him改为them。句意:必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。反面解读误区之三代词词“性”的误用【误】Sherushedtopickupthephonewhenitrangbecausehewasworriedaboutherhusband'swhereabouts.【正】Sherushedtopickupthephonewhenitrangbecauseshewasworriedaboutherhusband'swhereabouts.[分析]根据语境可知,担忧丈夫的是主语she,故he改为she。句意:电话铃一响