搜索
基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit1Friendship专题9正反解读定语从句正面解读│反面解读│实战演练1.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease…正面解读【答案】that或which高考链接【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处astudy是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。正面解读2.[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogrammegivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers…【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。根据前面的asoil-testingprogramme及空格处缺少主语可知,填that/which。正面解读3.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.【答案】who【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,缺少关系词,代指先行词Sarah,在从句中作主语,故填who。正面解读4.[2017·6月浙江卷]…wasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.【答案】where【解析】此处先行词是thegarden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。正面解读5.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.【答案】when【解析】此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是时间名词,从句缺少状语,故填关系副词when。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句规则1who,whom,whose引导的定语从句who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom;whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用ofwhich代替,指人时可用ofwhom代替。①Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。正面解读考点归纳②Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。规则2that,which引导的定语从句that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,作宾语或表语时可省略;which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。①Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。正面解读②ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。[温馨提示]下列情况只用that不用which:①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;④先行词被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thelast修饰;正面解读⑤先行词中既有人也有物;⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when,where,why。有时可用“介词+which”结构替换。①Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗?②Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。正面解读[温馨提示]①当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词,仍用which/that引导定语从句。②当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。正面解读①TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。②In1961theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.1961年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。③LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.→LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.上星期日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。正面解读[温馨提示]①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前后可以用ofwhich/whom。②the+比较级或最高级前后用ofwhich/whom等。考点四as,which引导的定语从句as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。①Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。正面解读②Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.这真是一个令人愉快的地方,它看上去和100年前的样子一样,有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。[温馨提示]as常用在下列习惯用语中:①as(it)oftenhappens,asIremember,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected,asisknowntous,asisshown等。正面解读②“such/so…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而“such/so…as…”表示“像……这样……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。③“thesame…that…”表示同一个人或物,而“thesame…as…”表示同种类的人或物。正面解读误区之一关系代词与关系副词的误用(1)【误】IstillrememberthedayswhenIspentwithfarmersinthecountryside.【正】Istillrememberthedays(that/which)Ispentwithfarmersinthecountryside.[分析]when改为that/which。先行词是thedays,从句动词spent缺少宾语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并作从句宾语。反面解读(2)【误】Thebighousewhichtheworkersusedtoliveisnowateachingbuilding.【正】Thebighousewhere/inwhichtheworkersusedtoliveisnowateachingbuilding.[分析]which前加in或改为where。先行词是thebighouse,从句结构完整,故用关系副词where引导定语从句并作从句状语,相当于inwhich。工人住过的大房子现在是一座教学楼。反面解读误区之二关系代词that与which的误用(1)【误】Allthebookswhichwereborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedontime.【正】Allthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedontime.[分析]which改为that。当定语从句的先行词被all,some,any,no,few等修饰时,关系代词用that。句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。反面解读(2)【误】Helivesintheroom,thewindowofthatfacesthesouth.【正】Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.[分析]that改为which。在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用who。表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,thewindowofwhich相当于whosewindow。(3)【误】Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,thatisoftencalledastarter.【正】Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.[分析]that改为which。在非限制性定语从句中,用which而不用that。反面解读误区之三关系代词与替代词的重复误用【误】IamwritingtomakeacomplaintthatthemobilephonewhichIboughtitfromyourcompanyhasaproblem.【正】IamwritingtomakeacomplaintthatthemobilephonewhichIboughtfromyourcompanyhasaproblem.[分析]去掉it。先行词是themobilephone,which在从句中作宾语,故it多余。句意:我写信投诉我在你们公司买的手机有