2020版高考英语总复习语法专题课件专题10正反解读名词性从句

基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit1Friendship专题10正反解读名词性从句正面解读│反面解读│实战演练1.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.正面解读高考链接【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。根据句意“我不清楚我和这个雌性猩猩谁更感到害怕”可知,用who引导宾语从句。正面解读2.[2016·浙江卷自选模块]Recently,Iaskedhergavehertheconfidencetokeepchallengingthestatusquo(现状).【答案】what【解析】从上下文结构可知,此处需要what引导的宾语从句,故填what。正面解读3.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错]MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.【答案】that改为where【解析】由句子结构可知,介词to之后为宾语从句,从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。“特殊疑问词+todo”在本句中作talkabout的宾语,其中what还作动词do的宾语。正面解读4.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错]Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.【答案】how改为what【解析】第二句句意:我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。正面解读5.[2016·北京卷变式]Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.【答案】Whatever【解析】句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语,且所填词引导主语从句,故用Whatever。考点一that引导的名词性从句规则1that引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。①AsIsearchedthenameLindaontheInternet,itbecameevidentthatthere'retwowiththesamenamewholookcompletelydifferent.当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候,很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。(主语从句)正面解读考点归纳②IfinditnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenEnglish.我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。(宾语从句)③Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o􀆳clocktomorrowmorning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)[温馨提示]that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:①It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。正面解读②It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。③It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。常见的可以接that(that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。规则2that引导的同位语从句that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact,hope,desire,thought,正面解读suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that只起引导作用,在从句中不充当成分,但一般不能省略。①Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。②Thegovernmentgavetheorderthatallthesehouses(should)bepulleddowninthreeweeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。正面解读考点二whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。此外,与or或ornot连用以及从句作介词宾语时只能用whether而不用if。①Itremainstobeseenwhetherhecangetoverthedifficulty.是否他能克服困难还有待观察。(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)②Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中,不可用if代替whether)正面解读③Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认没还。(宾语从句,可用if代替whether)考点三who,why,how,where,when等引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。能接以上词引导宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。正面解读①Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.简漫无目的地沿着林荫大道走着,不知道要去哪里。(宾语从句)②Somestudentsevenhavenoideaofwhytheyarestudying,sotheywastemuchtimeplaying.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习,所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。(宾语从句)考点四what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。wh-ever引导名词性从句时,其作用等同于其前面的连接词,意为正面解读“任何……”或“无论……”,含有强调的语气。①Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。(主语从句)②Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.(宾语从句)我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚,是过去收费的一半。正面解读误区之一连接代词之间的误用【误】Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhosharesherinterests.【正】Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.[分析]who改为whoever。从句sharesherinterests缺少主语,故用whoever引导宾语从句并作从句主语。句意:Sarah希望跟与自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。反面解读误区之二连接副词之间的误用【误】Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandhowtheyinsistongoingbymotorbike.【正】Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandwhytheyinsistongoingbymotorbike.[分析]how改为why。句意:路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句。反面解读误区之三名词性从句中that与what之间的误用(1)【误】Thatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.【正】Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.[分析]That改为What。主语从句缺少主语,故用what引导主语从句并作从句的主语。句意:什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。反面解读(2)【误】Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofthatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.【正】Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.[分析]that改为what。宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句并作从句宾语。句意:购物前,我先列出孩子们对于即将到来的季节所需要的东西。反面解读误区之四从属连词that/whether/if以及连接副词之间的误用(1)【误】Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtisthatmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.【正】Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.[分析]that改为whether。根据doubt一词可知,不确定的应是是否能很快恢复过来,故that改为whether。句意:医生真正不确定的是我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。反面解读(2)【误】Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseewhenitgotanybetter.【正】Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeif/whetheritgotanybetter.[分析]when改为if/whether。根据句意“起初他讨厌这个新工作,但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点”可知用whether/if引导宾语从句。反面解读(3)【误】Itisdoubtfulthattheworkcanbecompletedontime.【正】Itisdoubtfulwhethertheworkcanbecompletedontime.[分析]that改为whether。在主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句中,要使用whether表示“是否”。反面解读误区之五同位语从句和定语从句的误用(1)【误】Informationhasbeenputforwardwhenmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversitiesthisyear.【正】Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillb