非谓语动词教学重点1,非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;2,非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;3,非谓语动词的考点解析。一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如:MissMaryteachesusEnglish.玛丽教我们英语。(teaches是谓语动词。)MrVictorcametoourclassroomtohaveatalkwithuslastweek.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(tohaveatalk不定式作状语)2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如:Tomlikesthepopmusic.汤姆喜欢流行音乐。(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tomhasnothingtodotoday.汤姆今天没有什么事要做。(do用原形)二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下:非谓语功能形式动名词具有名词功能,常在句中作主语,宾语主动式doing被动式beingdone完成式havingdone/havingbeendone现在分词表主动和正在进行,常在句中作定语,状语,宾补一般式doing完成式havingdone过去分词表被动和已完成,常在句中作定语,状语,补语一般式done进行式beingdone完成式havingbeendone动词不定式表将来具体某一次,常在句中作主语,定语,状语,补语,宾语等一般式todo/tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendone成分形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。1动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:过去分词√√√√Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.②动名词作主语的句型。如:Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoing(也可用Itisawasteoftimetodo)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:Itisdifficult/easy/possible/necessary/...forsb.todosth.和Itiskind/wise/foolish/considerate/...ofsb.todo。动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:Hiscomingmademehappy.Ican'timaginehis/himlivingtherealone.④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin.完成下列句子:①It'sfoolish____________________________(你相信他说的话).②It'simpossible____________________________(他做这样的事).③Doyoumind____________________________(我抽烟)?④It'snouse____________________________(你和他争辩).⑤________(go)abroadisanhonourtome.⑥________(take)abroadisanhonourtome.⑦________(devote)tohisworkmadehimsucceed.【答案】①ofyoutobelievewhathesaid②forhimtodosuchathing③my/mesmoking④your/youarguingwithhim⑤Going⑥Beingtaken⑦Beingdevoted动名词和不定式作宾语①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:have(no/much/some/...)difficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in),takepleasurein,spendtime/money(in),wastetime(in),beworth,bebusy,feellike,becommittedto④to作为介词的短语有:lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto=beopposedto,bedevotedto,stickto,comecloseto(差一点),getdownto(开始认真做),get/beaccustomed/usedto(doing),leadto=contributeto(sb.doing/beingdone)⑤allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法:allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+sb.+todo如:Idon'tallowsmokinginmyroom.Idon'tallowhimtosmokeinmyroom.用所给词的适当形式填空:①Weagreed________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.②Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief________(catch).③Janeypretended__________(write)whenhermothercamein.④IcanhardlyimaginePeter________(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.⑤Thedoctoradvisedhim________(stop)smoking.【答案】①tomeet②beingcaught③tobewriting④sailing⑤tostop注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词①forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)②stoptodo停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事goontodo继续(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)③regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regretdoingsth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)④trytodo努力、企图做trydoing试验、试一试某种办法⑤meantodo(人)打算,有意要……meandoing(物)意味着⑥can'thelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空:①Don'tyouremember________(see)themanbefore?②Iregret________(inform)youthatthemeetinghasbeencancelled.③Let'stry________(do)theworksomeotherway.④Ididn'tmean________(hurt)yourfeeling.⑤I'msobusythatIcan'thelp________(clean)thehousewithyou.⑥Afterwefinishedourhomework,wewenton________(review)thenewlesson.【答案】①seeing②toinform③doing④tohurt⑤(to)clean⑥toreview不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别①不定式作表语,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。②如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。③过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得”,现在分词作表语,表示“令人……”。此类词有:embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince等。用所给词的适当形式填空:①Hiswishis________(go)abroad.②Hishobbyis________(collect)stamps.③Themostimportantthingis________(negotiate)withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant.④Whatheshoulddois________(work)hard.⑤Hefelt________(embarrass).【答案】①togo②collecting③tonegotiate④work⑤embarrassed分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词+宾语+动词不定式):ask(请,叫),tell(告诉),get(使,让),prefer(喜欢,宁愿),like(喜欢),force(强迫),