系统功能语法systemic-functional-grammar

FunctionalGrammarPresentedbyRuiminPeng1Background2DefinitonofFunctionalgrammarCONTENTS3Details1BackgroundM.A.K.HallidayhasdevelopedtheideasstemmingfromFirth'stheoriesintheLondonSchool.HisSystemic-Functional(SF)Grammarisasociologicallyorientedfunctionallinguisticapproachandoneofthemostinfluentiallinguistictheoriesinthetwentiethcentury.单击编辑副标题第一季度单击编辑副标题TextualFunctionFunctionalGrammarSystemicGrammarMindmapInterpersonalFunctionIdeationalFunctionSFGrammar2DefinitionofFGHallidaydefinesaFGas“essentiallya‘natural’grammar,inthesensethateverythinginitcanbeexplained,ultimately,byreferencetohowlanguageisused”.FGaimstorevealthatlanguageisameansofsocialinteraction,basedonthepositionthatlanguagesystemandtheformthatmakeitupareinescapablydeterminedbytheuseorfunctionswhichtheyserve.Hallidayviewschildren’slanguagedevelopmentas“themasteryoflinguisticfunctions”,and“learningalanguageislearninghowtomean”.Soheproposessevenfunctionsinchildren’smodeloflanguage,thatis,instrumental,regulatory,interactional,personal,heuristic,imaginativeandinformativefunction.Children’slanguageTheadult’slanguagebecomesmuchmorecomplexandithastoservemanymorefunctions,buttheoriginalfunctionalrangeofthechild’slanguageisgraduallyreducedtoasetofhighlycodedandabstractfunctions,whicharemeta-functions:theideational,theinterpersonal,andthetextualfunctions.Adult’slanguage3DetailsofFGIdeationalfunctionTheideationalfunctionisappliedforconveyingnewinformation,tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer.Theideationalfunctionmainlyconsistsof“transitivity”and“voice”.Transitivitysimplyreferstothegrammaroftheclauseinitsideationalaspect.Itconsistsofsixdifferentprocesses:Material,Behavioral,Mental,Verbal,RelationalandExistentialProcess.1.Ideationalfunction单击编辑副标题单击编辑副标题LogicalFunctionExperientialFunctionIdeationalFunctionTransitivityIdeationalFunctionVoiceMaterialprocessMentalprocessRelationalprocessVerbalprocessBehavioralprocessExistentialprocessJohnkickedtheballJohnlaughedJohnlikesMaryJohnsaiditiscoldintheroomJohnisonthesofaThereisacatonthesofaInterpersonalfunctionItembodiesallusesoflanguagetoexpresssocialandpersonalrelationships.Thisincludesthevariouswaysthespeakerentersaspeechsituationandperformsaspeechact.Becausetheclauseisnotconfinedtotheexpressionoftransitivity,therearenon-ideationalelementsintheadultlanguagesystem.Interpersonalfunctionisrealizedbymood&modality.E.g.Givemetheteapot!2.Interpersonalfunction单击编辑副标题ModalityMoodInterpersonalFunctionSubjectInterpersonalFunctionFiniteResiduePredicatorAdjunctComplement•Moodindicateswhatrolethespeakerselectsinthespeechsituationandwhatroleheassignstotheaddressee.•Moodismadeupoftwoparts:the“Subject”andthe“Finite”element.Thesubjectcanbeanoun,anounphrase,oraclause.2(1).MoodFiniteelementsaretensemorphemes,auxiliaryverbsandmodalverbsthatexpresstenseormodality,andtheyarepartoftheverbphrase.E.g.Toarguewiththecaptainisaskingfortrouble.Ignoringtheproblemwillnotmakeyourworkeasier.Finite•Modalityspecifiesifthespeakerisexpressinghisjudgmentormakingaprediction.2(2).Modality•Residuereferstotherestoftheclause.•Ithasthreefunctionalelements:the“Predicator”,“Complement”,and“Adjunct”.TheusualorderinanEnglishclauseis“Predicator+Complement+Adjunct”.•AccordingtoHalliday,ofvariousspeechroles,twoarethemostbasic:giving&taking.•Commodities:goods-&-serviceandinformation.•Fourprincipalspeechroles:offer,command,statementandquestion.2(3).ResidueTextualfunctionThetextualfunctionmeansthatlanguagehasmechanismstomakeanystretchofspokenorwrittendiscourseintoacoherentandunifiedtextandatthesametime,makealivingpassagedifferentfromarandomlistofsentences.3.TextualfunctionTHANKS