1设计概述1.1设计题目:筛板式连续精馏塔及其主要附属设备设计1.2工艺条件:生产能力:10000吨/年(料液)年工作日:300天原料组成:50%丙酮,50%水(质量分率,下同)产品组成:馏出液99.5%丙酮,釜液0.05%丙酮操作压力:塔顶压强为常压进料温度:泡点进料状况:泡点加热方式:直接蒸汽加热回流比:自选2塔的工艺计算2.2全塔物料衡算与操作方程2.2.1精馏塔的物料衡算进料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分数酮的摩尔质量AM=58.08Kg/kmol水的摩尔质量BM=18.02Kg/kmol平均摩尔质量MF=0.23758.08+(1-0.237)18.02=27.514kg/kmolMD=0.98458.08+(1-0.984)18.02=57.439kg/kmolMW=0.000558.08+(1-0.0005)18.02=18.040kg/kmol物料衡算48.50514.27)24300/(10000000Fkmol/h联立WDF和FDWFxDxWx解得D=12.15kmol/hW=38.33kol/h2.2.2塔板数的确定.求最小回流比及操作回流比用作图法求最小回流比【2】984.002.18/005.008.58/995.008.58/995.0Dx00016.002.18/9995.008.58/0005.008.58/0005.0Wx237.002.18/50.008.58/50.008.58/50.0Fx由题设可得泡点进料q=1则Fx=qx,又附图可得ex=0.237,ey=0.822。minDeeexyRyx=278.0237.0822.0822.0984.0确定操作回流比:min(1.1~2.0)RR令min2RR=0.556求精馏段的气、液相负荷L=RD=0.556×12.15=6.76kmol/hV=(R+1)D=(0.556+1)12.15=18.91kmol/hL'=L+F=6.67+50.48=57.15kmol/hV'=V=18.91kmol/h操作方程精馏段632.0357.0984.091.1815.1291.1876.6xxVDxVLyxD提馏段00032.0022.300016.091.1833.3891.1815.57VV'''xxxWxLyw画图可知利用此回流比不能求出结果则6538.0958.0984.0967.0984.01minminqDqDxxyxRR求出Rmin=1.889确定操作回流比:min(1.1~2.0)RR令min2RR=3.778求精馏段的气、液相负荷L=RD=3.778×12.15=45.90kmol/hV=(R+1)D=(3.778+1)×12.15=58.05kmol/hL'=L+F=45.90+50.48=96.38kmol/hV'=V=58.05kmol/h操作方程精馏段206.0791.0984.005.5815.1205.5890.45xxVDxVLyxD提馏段00011.0660.100016.005.5833.3805.5838.96VV'''xxxWxLyw利用图解法求理论班层数,可得:总理论板层数NT=18块(包括再沸器),进料板位置NF=152.3全塔效率的估算用奥康奈尔法('Oconenell)【3】对全塔效率进行估算:根据丙酮—水系统t—x(y)图可以查得:ctd088.56(塔顶第一块板)xD=0.984y1=0.984x1=0.960设丙酮为A物质,水为B物质所以第一块板上:0.968Ay0.95AxyB=0.0320.05Bx可得:()/1.59/AAABDBByxayxctF061.86(加料板)xF=0.237yF=0.822假设物质同上:yA=0.822xA=0.237yB=0.178xB=0.763可得:87.14//)(BBAAFABxyxyactw0100(塔底)xW=0.00016yW=0.00027假设物质同上:yA=0.00027xA=0.00016yB=0.99973xB=0.99984可得:69.1//)(BBAAWABxyxya所以全塔平均挥发度:42.33WFAaaaa精馏段平均温度tm=(61.86+56.88)/2=59.37℃查前面物性常数(粘度表):59.370C时,smPa.477.0水smPa.233.0丙酮所以337.0572.0233.0477.0428.0iix精查850C时,丙酮-水的组成y水=0.5519757.0水x449.0丙酮y0243.0丙酮x所以473.0337.042.349.0245.0)()(精TE同理可得:提留段的平均温度93.80286.6110022FBTTT℃查表可得在80.930C时smPa.329.0水smPa.197.0丙酮X水=0.964x丙酮=0.036324.0036.0197.0964.0329.0iix提478.0324.042.349.0245.0)()(提TE2.4实际塔板数实际塔板数【4】TTPENN精馏段:6.29473.014)(精RN,取整30块,考虑安全系数加一块为30块。提馏段:4.8478.04)(提sN,取整9块,考虑安全系数加一块,为9块。故进料板为第31块,实际总板数为39块。全塔总效率:44.01PTTNNE2.5精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算以精馏段为例计算2.5.1操作压力计算精馏段塔顶压强PD=101.325KPa若取单板压降为0.7,则进料板压强aDFKPPP325.122307.0精馏段平均压强825.1112325.122325.101mPKPa2.5.2操作温度计算位置进料板塔顶(第一块板)摩尔分数xf=0.237y1=xD=0.984yf=0.822x1=0.960摩尔质量//kgkmolMVf=50.95MVm=56.80MLf=27.51MLm=56.08温度/℃61.8656.88精馏段平均温度tm=(61.86+56.88)/2=59.37℃2.5.3平均摩尔质量计算液相平均温度:tm=(tf+td)/2=(61.86+56.88)/2=59.37℃液相平均摩尔质量MLg=(27.51+56.08)/2=41.80kg/kmol2.5.4平均密度计算在平均温度下查得3/7.738mkg丙酮3/1.984mkg水液相平均密度为:22111Lm其中,α1=0.1580α2=0.8420所以,液相平均密度为ρlm=935.03/kgm气相平均摩尔质量kmolkgMVm/88.53280.5695.50气相平均压强825.1112325.122325.101mPKPa气相平均密度3/18.2)15.27334.59(314.888.53825.111mkgRTMPmvmmvm2.5.5液体平均表面张力计算在塔顶的温度下查表面张力表1=19.01mN/m2=66.53mN/m77.1953.66016.001.19984.0mDmN/m在进料板温度下查表面张力表:1=18.60mN/m2=65.68mN/mmmNF/52.5468.65)237.01(60.18237.0m精馏段液相平均表面张力mN/m145.73252.4577.91m2.5.6液体平均粘度计算在塔顶的温度下查粘度表smP24.01smPa51.0251.0lg)984.01(24.0lg984.0lgmDsmPmD243.0在进料板温度下查粘度表:smP23.01smPa46.0246.0lg)237.01(23.0lg237.0lgmwsmPmw390.0精馏段液相平均粘度smPam317.02243.0390.0'2.6精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算2.6.1塔径的计算精馏段的体积流率计算:汽相负荷V=(R+1)D=(3.778+1)×12.15=58.05kmol/h液相负荷L=RD=3.778×12.15=45.90kmol/hVVLLMMlmSLMMvmsCUsmLLsmVVmax32/00057.00.935360080.4190.453600/399.018.2360088.5305.583600图横坐标:030.0)18.20.935(399.000057.0)(2121VLssVL取板间距mHT3.0,板上液层高度mhL06.0mhHLT24.006.03.0:查附图:smUCCCL/218.118.218.20.9350589.00589.0)20145.37(052.0)20(052.0max2.02.02020取安全系数为0.7,则表观空塔气速:853.07.0max'UUm/s估算塔径:mUVDs28.1285.0''塔截面积:22287.128.14mAT实际塔气速:smAVUTs/310.0287.1399.02.6.2精馏塔的有效高度的计算精馏段有效高度为:m7.8.301-301-THNZ精精提留段有效高度为:2.4m.301-91-THNZ提提在进料板上方开一小孔,其高度为0.8m,故精馏塔的有效高度为:11.9m.80提精ZZZ2.7精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算2.7.1溢流装置的计算堰长wl可取wl=0.66D=0.66×1.28=0.84m溢流堰高度wh由wOh=wLhh,选用平直堰,堰上液层高度:32100084.2wnowLLEh取用E=1,则mhow0052.084.000057.036001100084.232取液上清液层高度hL=60mmmhw0548.00052.006.0弓形降液管宽度dW和截面积fA由66.0/Dlw,查图5-7()附图得136.0;00762.0DWAAdTf20981.0287.10762.0;174.028.1136.0mAmWfd用经验公式【6】:ssLHAhTf563.51360000057.03.00981.036003600故降液管设计合理。降液管底隙高度0h比wh低10mm,则:0h=wh-0.01=0.0548-0.01=0.0448m故选用凹形受液盘,深度mmhw50'2.7.2塔板布置塔板的分块因为D≥800mm,故塔板采用分块式,查表5-3得:塔板分3块。边缘区宽度确定取mWmWWLss035.0,070.0'开孔区面积aAmWDxrxrxrxAa4719.007.00981.0228.12arcsin1802222其中,2222369.0605.04719.0arcsin180605.04719.0605.04719.02605.0035.0228.12mAmWDraL筛孔计算及其排列选用δ=3mm碳钢筛孔直径板,取筛孔直径0d=5mm筛孔按正三角形排列,取孔中心距t=30d=15mm筛孔数目:个1895015.0369.0155.1/155.122tAna开孔率:%1.10015.0005.0907.0907.0220td气体通过阀孔的气速为:smAVUS/71.10369.0101.0/399.0002.8筛板的流体力学验算2.8.1塔板压降干板阻力ch计算干板阻力LVccuh2000