第八讲代词一、千里之行始于词汇1.you/ju:,ju/pron.你;你们2.I/ai/pron.我3.she/ʃi:,ʃi/pron.她4.he/hi:/pron.他5.it/it/pron.它6.they/ðei/pron.他(她、它)们7.we/wi:/pron.我们8.me/mi:,mi/pron.我9.him他10.her她11.us/ʌs,əs/pron.我们12.thempron.(宾格)他(她,它)们13.my/mai/pron.我的14.your/jɔ:/pron.你的;你们的15.his/his/pron.他的16.her/hə:,hə/pron.她的17.their/ðɛə/pron.他(她,它)们的18.our/'auə/pron.我们的19.mine/main/pron.我的20.hers/hə:z/pron.她的21.its它的22.ours我们的23.theirs他们的24.yours/jɔ:z/pron.你的;你们的25.some/sʌm/adj.一些;某些pron.有些;26.who/hu:/pron.谁;什么人27.this/ðis/pron.这;这个28.that/ðæt/pron.那;那个29.those/ðəuz/pron.那些30.these/ði:z/adv.这些31.how/hau/adv.怎样;如何32.what/wɔt/pron.adj.什么33.Whatabout...?…怎么样?…好吗?34.Whatcolor...?什么颜色35.Whatkindof...?什么类型36.where/wɛə/adv.在哪里;到哪里37.Howabout...?(提出建议)…怎么样?38.Howmuch...?…多少钱39.Howold...?…多大年纪?…几岁了?40.when/wen/adv.什么时候41.Which哪一个42.Whose谁的43.much/mʌtʃ/pron.adv.许多;44.many45.little小的46.alittle一点,少量47.few[fjuː]adj.很少的;n.少量48.afew49.many许多50.eitheradv或者;也51.lotpron.大量;许多52.quitealot(of…)许多53.anything(常用于否定句或疑问句)任何东西;任何事物54.any55.anyone['eniwʌn]pron.任何人56.nothing(=not…anything)['nʌθɪŋ]pron.没有什么n.没有57.everyone['evriwʌn]pron.每人;人人58.someone['sʌmwʌn]pron.某人;有人59.lotsof=alotof60.another61.other代词:代替名词的一种词类。MaryandTomaregoodfriends.MaryandTomareinthesameclass.MaryandTom'steacheroftenpraisesMaryandTomforMaryandTom'sstudies.1、人称代词2.物主代词。表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2、物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,用在名词前。Thisismybook.Aretheseyourpencils?名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词前。Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.Helikesmypen.Hedoesn'tlikehers.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。Mybagisyellow,herbagisred,hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.【口诀】有“名”则“形”,无“名”则“名”。Thisisyourruler,itisnotmine.这是你的尺子,不是我的。这是他的书,你的在桌子上。(他)doesn'thaveaneraser.__(我的)isinthebag.Give__(他)__(你的).bookishere,isthere.(his/her)这把绿色的尺子是她的。Theis.这些铅笔是鲍勃的。Theseare.这个绿色的钢笔是你的吗?thegreenpen.注:物主代词不与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。3、反身代词。第一、二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加“-self”(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves)构成。myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself常考的反身代词Helpyourselfto....Enjoyoneself4、指示代词:用于指示上下文中出现的人或事物的代词。“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”。thisthatthesethose1)This/Thatis...这/那个是......2)These/Thoseare...这/那些是......ThisismyfriendJane.这(位)是我的朋友简Thatismygrandfather.那(位)是我的祖父。Thesearemybrothers.这些是我的兄弟。Thosearemyparents.那些是我的父母。Thisismyfriend.复数Thesearemyfriends.Thatismybrother.复数Thosearemybrothers.Practice翻译这是我爸爸。那是你朋友。那是你姐姐。那些是我妹妹。这些是我的朋友们。那些是他的兄弟们。这是我的家庭。那是我的爷爷。这些是我的哥哥们。那是我的妈妈。这是她的奶奶。那是他的儿子。这是他的女儿。这是我们的父母。那是我的祖父母。3)Isthis/that...?这/那是......吗?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.是的,这/那(它)是。/不,这/那(它)不是。△回答时,要用it来代替this和that。不可回答Yes,this/thatis./No,this/thatisn't.Isthisyourpencil?Yes,itis.It'smine.No,itisn't.It'shers.Isthatyourschoolbag?Yes,itis.It'smine.No,itisn't.It'shis.It's=Itisisn't=isnot4)Arethese/those…?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.△回答时,要用they来代替these和those。Practice5、疑问代词who/hu:/pron.谁;什么人指人:who,whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:whichWhat询问姓名、电话号码、颜色、兴趣爱好、班级、年级等等。What'syourname?What'sthisinEnglish?What'sthis?Whatarethese?Whatdoyoudoonweekends?What'syourtelephonenumber?Whatcolorisit?WhatGradeareyouin?WhatClassareyouin?What'syourfavoritecolor/season/fruit/vegetable/subject?Whatdayisittoday?=What'sthedaytoday?Whatcanyoudo?Whatareyou=Whatdoyoudo?Whatwouldyouliketoeat/drink?What'stheweatherliketoday?What'syourhobby?Who用于问人Whoareyou?Whoisthat?Whoisshe?Whose用于询问物品或者人的所属关系。Whosecomputeristhis?=Whoseisthiscomputer?Which询问哪一个?可以指人也可以指物,一般用于有一定选择范围的情况。WhichoneisLily?6、不定代词1)other,theother,another,others,theothersother,其余的theother,两个中的另一个Ihavetwofriends.OneisfromChina,theotherisfromAmerica.another,三者以上的另一个Wouldyoulikeanothercake?others,其余中的一部分theothers其余的全部Therearefivepeopleintheclassroom.Oneisagirl,theothersareboys.IlikeEnglish,otherslikemaths.小练习①Thosecakeslookdelicious.CouldIhave_________one?A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.Another②Ihavemanysuchnovels.I'llbring_________tomorrow.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.Another③Sayingisonethinganddoingis_________.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another④Ihavetwocats.Oneisblack,and____iswhite.A.anotherB.someC.otherD.theother⑤Idon'tliketheapple.Canyougiveme________apple?A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theother⑥Wouldyoulike_______cupoftea?2)it,one,onesit,替代上文中提到的事,也可以指一个人。one,表示泛指,指代单数人或者物。ones,one的复数CanIborrowyourEnglishbook?Iwillreturnittomorrow.Idon'tlikethisblueshirt,doyouhavearedone?Theapplesaresosmall,wewantsomebigones.3)some,anysome,用于肯定句any,用于否定句和疑问句Arethereanychildreninthepark?I'dlikesomebananas.注:some也可以用在疑问句中,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。Wouldyoulikesometea?Whatabouteatingsomeeggs?any也可以表示任何一个。Chooseanysubject.4)little,alittle,few,afew,much,manylittle,alittle,few,afew,much,many小练习(1)Thereis_______waterintheglass.Let'sgoandgetsome.A.fewB.muchC.manyD.little(2)Westillhave_______applesinthebasket.Youdon'thavetobuyany.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle(3)Iamnewhere.SoIhave_______friendshere.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle(4)I'm_______thirsty.CanIgetsomethingtodrink,mom?A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle(5)Thereis___