小升初英语专题讲解六名词

第六讲名词一、基本词汇1.mango芒果2.tomato西红柿3.potato土豆4.knife小刀5.thief小偷6.leaf树叶7.wife妻子8.shelf架子9.life生活；生命10.wolf狼11.half一半12.strawberry/'strɔ:bəri/n.草莓13.milk/milk/n.牛奶14.bread/bred/n.面包15.food/fu:d/n.食物16.vegetable/'vedʒitəbl/n.蔬菜17.fruit/fru:t/n.水果18.carrot/'kærət/n.胡萝卜19.rice/rais/n.大米；米饭20.chicken/'tʃikin/n.鸡肉21.sock/sɔk/n.短袜22.shortsn.(pl.)短裤23.sweater/'swetə/n.毛衣24.trousersn.(pl.)裤子25.shoe/ʃu:/n.鞋26.skirt/skə:t/n.裙子27.clothes/kləuðz/n.(pl.)衣服；服装28.woman/'wumən/n.女子29.man/mæn/男子30.mouse[maʊs]老鼠31.child[tʃaɪld]32.foot[fʊt]33.goose[gu:s]34.fish[fɪʃ]n.鱼，鱼肉，鱼类;35.Chinese[tʃaɪˈni:z]n.中文;汉语;华人;中国人36.Japanese[ˌdʒæpə'ni:z]n.日语;日本37.sheep[ʃi:p]n.羊，绵羊38.deer[dɪə(r)]n.鹿39.tooth[tu:θ]n.齿;牙40.soup[su:p]n.汤，羹;41.housework家务42.homework作业43.news新闻44.meat肉类45.beef牛肉46.mutton羊肉47.pork猪肉48.paper纸张49.advice建议50.work工作二、重点短语集锦1.eatinghabit饮食习惯2.tapeplayer录音机3.modelplane飞机模型4.halfanhour半个小时5.myfamilyphoto=aphotoofmyfamily我的家庭照片6.whatkindof什么类型7.differentkindsof不同种类的8.befriendlytosb对……友好三、知识讲解1、名词的定义表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。2、可数名词与不可数名词1)可数名词--单数--复数a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。d．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况有生命的+es,读音：[z]mango-mangoestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes无生命的+s,读音：[z]photo-photose．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，读音：[z]，knife-knives,thief-thieves；半片树叶半片黄，妻子拿刀去砍狼，架下小偷逃命忙。half,leaf,wife,knife,wolf,shelf,thief,lifehalves,leaves,wives,knives,wolves,shelves,thieves,lives练习--写出下列单词的复数形式peach--____________,dress--____________monkey--____________boy--____________body--____________,baby--____________,library--____________,leaf--____________wife--____________knife--____________thief--____________shelf--____________life--____________radio--____________zoo____________family--____________school--____________photo--____________picture--____________eraser--____________box--____________dictionary--____________watch--____________computer--____________notebook--____________bag--____________classroom--____________basketball--____________hamburger--____________tomato--____________birthday--____________subject--____________lesson--____________hour--____________potato--____________zoo--____________life--____________student--____________geography--____________history--____________sister__________parent__________girl__________dog__________telephone__________number__________friend__________map__________cup__________ruler__________orange__________jacket__________key__________quilt__________f.不规则名词复数：man--men,woman--women,mouse--mice,child--children,foot--feet,tooth-teeth,goose—geeseg.单复同形:fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,sheep--sheep,deer--deerh.常用作复数形式：vegetables,clothes,sports,shorts,pants,trousers,jeans.i.集合名词class,people,2)不可数名词液体类：water,tea,coffee,milk,yogurt,cola,juice,soup食物：food,bread,rice,肉类：meat,beef,mutton,pork,其他：paper,news,advice,fruit,homework,housework,work,food3)既可数又不可数的名词chicken,duck,fish，orange,3、复合名词的单复数复合词通常由两个或者两个以上自由词组成.1)以两个名词构成的复合名词（不包括前面的名词为man和woman的），一般把后面的名词变为复数。paperbag→paperbags...2)以man或者woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。womanteacher:女教师→womenteachers女教师们；mandoctor：男医生→mendoctors男医生们...练习--写出下列复合名词的复数形式boystudentgirlnursemannurseappletreemodelplanetapeplayerfamilymembercountryroadwomandriver4、名词所有格在英语中，要表示“某个（些）人的”时，可以在某个（些）人后加’s来表示所有关系，这种形式我们称为所有格。Mike的父亲：Mike’sfather,我妈妈的名字：mymother’sname构成1)单数名词加’s.2)以s结尾的复数名词加’读音不变。如theteachers’room(老师们的房间)表共同所有，在最后一个名词后加“’s”。JimandTom’smother吉姆和汤姆的母亲（共同所有）表各自所有，在每个名词后加“’s”Jim’sroomandTom’sroomarebig.吉姆的房间和汤姆的房间都很大。（各自所有）JimandTom’sroomisbig.of表示所属关系myfamilyphoto=aphotoofmyfamilyamapofChina翻译小练Leo的字典。老师们的办公室。我祖父母的房间。我爸妈的照片。李磊的房子。奥巴马的朋友。习近平的妻子。Susan和Lily共同的爱好。Susan和Lily各自的钥匙。中国的历史。学生们的教室。儿童节。人民医院。Lucy的生日。玛丽和苏珊的英语老师。汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲。今天的报纸。Tony的尺子。五个小时的步行路程。三小时的车程。5、不可数名词1)不可数名词没有复数形式。2)不可数名词的数量表示练习一瓶水一杯酒一壶茶一张纸一杯咖啡两杯咖啡三箱饮料一片面包三片面包一斤水果一瓶可乐一碗汤小升初真题分类演练--名词I.单项选择1.()IsLucyfrom____?SheknowsalotaboutEnglishpeople.A.EnglandB.EnglishC.China2.()Iwanttofindagoodbook.I'mgoingtothe____.A.cinemaB.libraryC.museumD.supermarket3.()Whereareyour____?A.teacherB.friendC.sheep4.()--WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?--I'dliketwo____．A.bottleofmilkBbottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks5.()I'vegotatoothache.I'mgoingtothe____.A.parkB.dentistC.teacher6.()Americansspeak____,youknow.A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.American7.()TheredT-shirtisfive_______.A.yuanB.poundC.dollar8.()--Wouldyoulikesome_______?--No,thankyou.I'mnothungryatall.A.teaB.waterC.breadD.coffee9.()--Whatkindofvegetablesdoyouofteneatfordinner?--_____.A.ChickenB.MilkC.Tomatoes10.()--I'dlikesomethingtoread.--OK.Here'resome_______．A.CDsB.pencilsC.photosD.books11.()Therestaurantissopopular.Look,therearesomany______here.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter12.()Thisis____room.A.JackandLindaB.JackandLinda'sC.Jack'sandLinda'sD.Jack'sandLinda13.()Thepresentis____；it'sfrom_______．A.Tom's;Grandpa'sB.Tom's;GrandpaC.Tom;Grandpa'sD.Tom;Grandpa14.()Mrs.Sunisafrie