AsiansandNorthAmericansreallydoseetheworlddifferently.Shownaphotograph,NorthAmericanstudentsofEuropeanbackgroundpaidmoreattentiontotheobjectintheforegroundofascene,whilestudentsfromChinaspentmoretimestudyingthebackgroundandtakinginthewholescene,accordingtoUniversityofMichiganresearchers.Theresearchers,ledbyHannah-FayeChuaandRichardNisbett,trackedtheeyemovementsofthestudents-25EuropeanAmericansand27nativeChinese-todeterminewheretheywerelookinginapictureandhowlongtheyfocusedonaparticulararea.``Theyliterallyareseeingtheworlddifferently,''saidNisbett,whobelievesthedifferencesarecultural.``Asiansliveinamoresociallycomplicatedworldthanwedo,''hesaidinatelephoneinterview.``Theyhavetopaymoreattentiontoothersthanwedo.Weareindividualists.Wecanbebullsinachinashop,theycan'taffordit.''ThefindingsarereportedinTuesday'sissueofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThekeythinginChinese·cultureisharmony,Nisbettsaid,whileintheWestthekeyisfindingwaystogetthingsdone,payinglessattentiontoothers.Andthat,hesaid,goesbacktotheecologyandeconomyoftimesthousandsofyearsago.InancientChina,farmersdevelopedasystemofirrigatedagriculture,Nisbettsaid.Ricefarmershadtogetalongwitheachothertosharewaterandmakesurenoonecheated.Westernattitudes,ontheotherhand,developedinancientGreecewherethereweremorepeoplerunningindividualfarms,raisinggrapesandolives,andoperatinglikeindividualbusinessmen.Sodifferencesinperceptiongobackatleast2,000years,hesaid.Aristotle,forexample,focusedonobjects.Arocksankinwaterbecauseithadthepropertyofgravity,woodfloatedbecauseithadthepropertyoffloating.Hewouldnothavementionedthewater.TheChinese,though,consideredallactionsrelatedtothemediuminwhichtheyoccurred,sotheyunderstoodtidesandmagnetismlongbeforetheWestdid.NisbettillustratedthiswithatestaskingJapaneseandAmericanstolookatpicturesofunderwaterscenesandreportwhattheysaw.TheAmericanswouldgostraightforthebrightestormostrapidlymovingobject,hesaid,suchasthreetroutswimming.TheJapaneseweremorelikelytosaytheysawastream,thewaterwasgreen,therewererocksonthebottomandthenmentionthefish.TheJapanesegave60percentmoreinformationonthebackgroundandtwiceasmuchabouttherelationshipbetweenbackgroundandforegroundobjectsasAmericans,Nisbettsaid.Inthelatesttest,theresearcherstrackedtheeyemovementoftheChineseandAmericansastheylookedatpictures.TheAmericanslookedattheobjectintheforegroundsooner-aleopardinthejungleforexample-andtheylookedatitlonger.TheChinesehadmoreeyemovement,especiallyonthebackgroundandbackandforthbetweenthemainobjectandthebackground,hesaid.Reinforcingthebeliefthatthedifferencesarecultural,hesaid,whenAsiansraisedinNorthAmericawerestudied,theywereintermediatebetweennativeAsiansandEuropean-Americans,andsometimesclosertoAmericansinthewaytheyviewedscenes.KyleR.CaveoftheUniversityofMassachusettsatAmherstcommented:``Theseresultsareparticularlystrikingbecausetheyshowthattheseculturaldifferencesextendtolowlevelperceptualprocessessuchashowwecontroloureyes.Theysuggestthatthewaythatweseeandexploretheworldliterallydependsonwherewecomefrom.''CavesaidresearchersinhislabhavefounddifferencesineyemovementbetweenAsiansandWesternersinreading,basedondifferencesinthestylesofwritingineachlanguage.``Whenyoulookbeyondthisstudytoallofthestudiesfindingculturaldifferences,youfindthatpeoplefromoneculturedobetteronsometasks,whilepeoplefromotherculturesdobetteronothers.Ithinkitwouldbehardtoarguefromthesestudiesthatonecultureisgenerallyoutperformingtheothercognitively,''Cavesaid.亚洲人和北美人确实对世界有不同的看法。一张照片显示,欧洲背景的北美学生更重视场面的前景对象,而来自中国的学生花更多的时间研究的背景,以整个场景,根据密歇根大学的研究人员。研究人员,由HannahFayeChua和RichardNisbett,跟踪学生的眼球运动,欧洲25的美国人和27的中国本土-确定他们在寻找图片多久他们集中在一个特定的地区。``他们从字面上所看到的世界是不同的,”尼斯比特说,他认为这是文化差异。他在接受电话采访时说:“亚洲人生活在一个比我们更复杂的社会环境中。”。他们必须比我们更注意别人。我们是个人主义者。我们可以在中国店是公牛,他们负担不起。”这一发现发表在星期二的美国国家科学院学报上。在中国文化的关键是和谐,尼斯比特说,在西方,关键是找到方法来搞定,不重视别人。他说,这可以追溯到几千年前的生态和经济时代。在古代中国,农民发展农业灌溉系统,尼斯比特说。Rice的农民们必须彼此和睦相处,以确保水资源的分配,确保没有人作弊。另一方面,西方人的态度在古希腊发展,那里有更多的人经营个体农场,种植葡萄和橄榄,并且像个体商人一样经营。因此,感知的差异至少可以追溯到2000年前,他说。例如,亚里士多德专注于对象。一块岩石在水中下沉,因为它具有重力特性,木头漂浮着,因为它具有漂浮的性质。他不会提到水的。然而,中国人认为所有的行为都与他们发生的媒介有关,所以他们早在西方之前就懂得了潮汐和磁力。尼斯贝特说明这与测试要求日本人和美国人看水下场景图片和报告他们所看到的。他说,美国人会直奔最亮或移动最快的物体,比如三鳟鱼游泳。日本人更可能说他们看到一条小溪,水是绿色的,底部有岩石,然后提到鱼。日本把60%的7更多信息的背景和两倍的背景和前景物体作为美国人的关系,尼斯比特说。在最新的测试中,研究人员追踪了中国人和美国人在观看图片时的眼球运动。美国人看着前景中的物体——例如丛林中的一只豹子——他们看得时间更长了。他说,中国人有更多的眼球运动,特别是在背景上,在主要物体和背景之间来回移动。他还说,当人们在北美洲学习的亚洲人被研究时,他们是亚洲人和欧洲美国人中间的中间人,有时更接近美国人的看法。马萨诸塞大学艾摩斯特分校的KyleR.Cave评论说:“这些结果特别引人注目,因为它们显示出这些文化差异延伸到低层次的知觉过程,例如我们如何控制眼睛。他们认为,我们看待世界和探索世界的方式实际上取决于我们来自何方。洞穴研究人员说,在他的实验室里,研究人员发现,亚洲人和西方人在阅读方面的差异是基于不同语言写作风格的差异。当你把这项研究超越所有的研究发现文化差异时,你会发现来自一种文化的人在某些任务上做得更好,而其他文化的人在别人身上做得更好。Cave说:“我认为很难从这些研究中得出结论,一种文化总体上优于其他文化。”。Forsome,itwouldbeunthinkable_certainsocialsuicide.ButGabeHendersonisfindingfreedominarecentdecision:HecanceledhisMySpaceaccount.Nolongerenthralledwiththeworldofsocialnetworking,the26-year-oldgraduatestudentpulledtheplugafterrealizingthatalotoftheonlinefriendsheaccumulatedwerereallyjustacquaintances.He'salsophasingouthisprofileonFacebook,apopularsocialnetworkingsitethat,likeothers,allowsuserstocr