语义学和语用学的区别

莈Therelationshipbetweensemanticsandpragmatics莈Asabranchoflinguistics,semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyoflinguisticmeaning,whichstudiesliteral,structuralorlexicalmeaningconveyedbywords,phrasesandsentences.Whatweconcernedwithisthedenotationoftheword,namelytherelationshipbetweenwords,phrasesandsentencesnotthepossibleconnotations.Itiscontextindependent,de-contextualized.anditdealswithwhatissaid.蚄whilepragmaticsisastudywhichcanbedefinedastheanalysisofmeaninginaparticularcontext,whichstudiesnon-literal,implicitmeaning.Itdealswiththerelationsbetweenlanguageandcontextthatarebasictolanguageunderstanding.pragmaticsiscontextdependent,contextualized.Whatweconcernediswhatiscommunicatedbyaspeakerandinterpretedbyalistener.膁Throughthedefinitionofsemanticsandpragmatics,wecanseethatsemanticsandpragmaticsbothconcernthemeaningoflanguage.Buttheyresearchthedifferentsidesoflanguage,andtheyhavedifferentstudymethods.Thestudyobjectsofsemanticsiswords,phrasesandsentences,whatweneedtoknowistheirmeaning,sense,referenceandpresupposes.Differentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Andonewordmaybelongtoanotherword.Sowecanconcludethewordstotheserelations,Suchassynonymy,polysemy,homonymy,hyponymyandantonymy.Andwhenwetalkaboutthesenserelationsbetweensentences,wemaythinkofpresupposes.Whetheritisrightunderthepresupposes.Allthosearesemantics.Itwouldnotchangewiththecontext.莁Pragmaticsstudythemeaningofnaturallanguageunderstanding,whetherthediscoursebehaviorisappropriateinaspecialcontext.Itmostlystudytherelationbetweenwordsandsentenceorsentenceandsentence.Themeaningofthelanguagecanbedividedintoseveralact.Suchaslocutionaryact,illocutionaryandperlocutionaryact.wordsareusedtorefertotheeventsorobjectsintherealworld.Buttherelationshipsbetweenthewordsandtheirreferentsarenotstraightforward.Thesamewordsorsentencesindifferentcontext,themeaningsaretotallydifferent.Forexample,thesentenceitissocoldmaybeyoujustwanttoexpressthewhetherissocoldthroughthesentence.Andmaybeyouwanttousethissentencetoasksomeonetodosomething,suchasclosethewindow,giveyouaclothandsoon.Oryoujustwanttogivingajoke.Andthesamesentencewouldleadtodifferentact.Afterlisteningtothesentence,maybesomeonewouldwenttoclosethewindoworgiveyouaclothordoingnothing.Soifwewanttounderstandwhatthespeaker'srealmeaning,wewouldbetterlearnpragmatics.Sothroughthecomparisonofpragmaticsandsemantics,wecanseethattheynotonlyhavesimilaritiesbutalsohavedifferences.Buttheyplaytheirownrespectiverole,anddonotaffecteachother.以下无正文仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。толькодлялюдей,которыеиспользуютсядляобучения,исследованийинедолжныиспользоватьсявкоммерческихцелях.Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse.NurfürdenpersönlichenfürStudien,Forschung,zukommerziellenZweckenverwendetwerden.Pourl'étudeetlarechercheuniquementàdesfinspersonnelles;pasàdesfinscommerciales.