短文改错题的十大考查类型和分类训练

【高考必备】短文改错题的十大考查类型和分类训练短文改错是很多同学常常会丢分的题型，其实，纵观历年真题，短文改错题的考点基本上是比较固定且有规律可循的，今天小编精心整理和编写了短文改错的十大常见错误类型和对应的分类训练，抓紧练起来吧！一、动词错误动词在考试中占有很大比重。常见的错误类型有：①时态错用；②主谓不一致；③句中有多个动词时，缺少非谓语动词；④缺少谓语动词，尤其缺少系动词be；⑤主动、被动语态错用；⑥某些词后要求接动名词或不定式；⑦介词后没用动词-ing。真题示例：1.Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)2.Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.(2018全国卷Ⅱ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Shewantsyoucallherbackassoonasyouarehome.2.Myparentsallowmetochoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.3.WhenIwasachild,myfamilyliveinBeijing.4.I’mlookingforwardtovisittheartgallerynextweek.5.Shewilltellyouherjourneywhenshegetachanceto.6.NeitherhenorIisanythewiserastotherealcauseoftheaccident.7.Thiswillbeagoodopportunityexchangeexperience.8.IhaveanewroommatenameLouis.9.Whatsuprisedusmosttherewerethebeautyofthescenes.10.Thegoodsshehasboughtforherselfwasmostlyfromthehotel.11.TheEnglisheveninghasputofftillSaturday.12.Therewasallsortsofunacceptablebehaviour,someofwhichweresoseriousthattheycouldhaveendedupincourt.二、形容词、副词错误常见错误类型有：①形容词和副词的错用；②比较级，最高级的错用或修辞语的错用；③以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的错用。真题示例：1.Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)2.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Afraidofdifficulties,theyprefertotaketheeasilyroad.2.Heismuchconcernedaboutothersthanabouthimself.3.Sheisthemoreactivememberinourgroup.4.I’mbetteratsciencethanmysister,butworstthanmybrother.5.Itisreallyamazedthattheonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool.三、连词错误常见错误类型有：①并列连词and/or/but等错用；②从属连词错用，特别是状语从句中的连词。真题示例：OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Bringtheseflowersintoawarmroomortheywillopensoon.2.Myfatherislivelyandenergetic,andheisnotverypatient.3.Wecouldn’tsendthechildrentoschoolsolifewasveryhardinthosedays.4.Iwasjustreadingabookwhileshecameintomyroom.5.Therobbershoutedtostopcryingandhewouldshoot.6.Shewassuchmovedthattearscametohereyes.7.Ihaven’tvisitedmyteacherafterIgraduated.8.Idon’tknowwhichheis,buthewashereaminuteago.四、代词错误常见错误类型有：①人称代词、物主代词和反身代词与其所指代的人或物不一致；②定语从句中关系代词的错用；③不定代词的错用；④多代词或少代词。真题示例：Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2019全国卷III)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Myparentswereallverytired,butneitherofthemwouldstoptotakearest.2.TheBaiethnicgrouphasapopulationofaroundtwomillion,90%ofwholiveinYunnan.3.Newspapersreachmeonthedayafteritarepublished.4.Onceyou’veboughtaphysicalbook,youownit:shecanlendittopeople,donateit,and,well,it’syours.5.Idon’tlikethishat.Showmeother.6.Wecan’tdecidesomethingnow.7.Basinganimportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretsoonerorlater.8.Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbookswhicharesoldinthebookshop.9.Thetreatment,thatisbeingtriedbyresearchers,hashelpedalargenumberofpatients.五、名词错误常见错误类型有：①可数名词的单复数错用；②可数名词与不可数名词错用。真题示例：1.SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)2.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Ireadaninterestingpieceofinformationsinthenewspaper.2.Apeoplewithouttheknowledgesoftheirpasthistory,originandcultureislikeatreewithoutroots.3.We’rehavingfriedchickensfordinner.4.Intheend,wetookmanygroupphotoes.5.Allourbelongingwereputonthebacksofelephants,andtheheaviestitemwasapiano.六、冠词错误常见错误类型有：①a、an和the的错用；②多冠词或少冠词。真题示例：Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Itwilltakeaboutahourtogetthere.2.Atendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.3.ThisisahousewhereLuXunoncelived.4.Hewalkedtoothersideofthestreet.5.TheGreatWallofChinaislongestman-madestructureeverbuilt.6.Iusedtoplaythebasketballinthegym.7.Thepeopleofworldlovepeace.8.Allofthemwantedtobefirsttogetacloselookatthefamouspainting.七、介词错误常见错误类型有：①介词错用；②多介词或少介词。真题示例：Afewminuteslater,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.HeinspiresmetomajoronEnglishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.2.Becarefulandlookbothsidesbeforeyougothroughthestreet.3.WhatothercoursesdoyoutakebesideEnglish?4.Shespendsasmuchas$2,000clotheseverymonth.5.TheSilkRoadwasanancienttraderouteamongEastandWest,whichpassedthroughDunhuang.6.Hedidn’tgiveanadequateanswerofthequestion.八、固定结构错误真题示例：Fromnowon,Istartedtoplayfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Turnonthelightswhenweareleavingtheroom.2.Tobehonestly,Idon’tthinkIwashelpingverymuch.3.Herlifewassofulltofindtimeforhobbies.4.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewastwiceaslargerasthatoftheirs.5.ShepickedoutJapanesewhenshewasinJapan.Nowshecanspeakitfreely.九、数词错误常见错误类型是：基数词和序数词的错用。真题示例：Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,Iwantedtobeateacher.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)练习：每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1.Thecityhasapopulationoffourmilli