培生学堂八年级下Unit1What’sthematter?1.What’tthematter?怎么了?matter此处为可数名词,意为“毛病;麻烦”,通常用于句型该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。—What’sthematterwithhim?他怎么了?—Hehasaheadache.他头痛。What’sthematterwithsb.中?。○还可作为不及物动词,意为“要紧,有关系”,主要用于否定句,疑问句或者拓展:1matter条件句中。Itdoesn’tmatter没有.关系。DoesitmatterifI’mabitlate?我晚一会到有关系吗?○等连用,相当于whoever,whatever,wherever等,可2).nomatter与who,what,where引导让步状语从句。Don’topenthedoor,nomatterwhocomes.不管谁来都别开口。2.Ihavestomachache.我胃痛。Stomachache为可数名词,意为“胃痛;腹痛”Eg:Marydidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseshehadastomachache.拓展:在英语中,一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache(疼痛)后,可以构成合成名词。如headache头痛,toothache牙痛,stomachache胃痛,backache背痛,earache耳朵痛。3.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenough她昨天water说话.太多,并且没有喝足够的水。(1)此处toomuch相当于一个副词,修饰动词talked,放在后面作状语,意为“太多”。Eg:Sheworriedtoomuch.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(2)此处enough为形容词,意为“足够的”。修饰名词时,常放在名词前,且位置后置。Eg:Itisgoodenoughgorme.Isthewaterwarmenoughforyou?Enough还可以构成句型搭配:be+adj.+enough+todo足够.....“做某事”Eg:Thoughhehasgrownup,heisn’tbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight.4.Drinksomehotteawithhoney.喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶。with为介词,在此处意为“加上;具有;带有”,表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质,其反义词为without。Eg:Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugar?Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Nomancouldlivewithoutwater.拓展:培生学堂八年级下○1with意为“和....在一起”Mr.Blackistalkingwithafriend.○2with意为“用(工具、手段等)”Youcancutitwithaknife.○3with表示方式、情况或者条件。Shelikestosleepwiththelighton.Theteachercameinwithasmileonhisface.例题解析:—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee,please?—Yes,andpleasegetsomesugar.Iprefercoffee______sugar.A.toB.forC.withD.from5.Youneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.你需要离开电脑休息几天。(1)need在此处为实意动词,意为“需要”,后面可接名词,代词,动名词及带有to的不定式作宾语。Eg:Weneedtothinktwiceaboutit.Sheneedsyourhelp.拓展:Need作情态动词,意为“需要,必需”。无人称和数的变化,否定式为needn’t,后面一般接动词原形。—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,yoneedn’t.Ifshewantsanything,sheneedonlyask.(2)break此处用作可数名词,意为“(课间的)休息”。Eg:Hesatunderthebigtreetotakeabreak.Thereisa10-minutebreakbetweenclasses.拓展:○1break作不及物动词,意为“碎;破”。其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。Eg:Glassesbreakseasily.○2break作及物动词,意为“弄碎,弄破”。Eg:Hebrokehisrightleglastmonth.○3break作及物动词,意为“不遵守(法律,规则等)”。Eg:Theteacheristalkingtothestudentwhobroketherules.6.Ithinkyoushouldliedownandtest.我认为你应该躺下休息。(1)lie(lay,lain,lying)此处为不及物动词,意为“躺;卧”Eg:Don’tlieinbedallmorning.培生学堂八年级下Hefoundadoglyingatthedoor.拓展:○lied,现在分词为lying。1lie作为不及物动词,意为“撒谎,说谎”,过去式和过去分词均为Eg:Youarelyingtome.○2lie作可数名词,意为“谎言,假话”Eg:Iknowhetoldaliejustnow.Ibelievethatitisawhitelie.○3lay动词,意为“产卵,下蛋”,过去式和过去分词均为laid.Eg:Thehensarenotlayingwellatthemoment.(2)rest常作可数名词,意为“休息”Eg:Youmusttakeatesfromyourwork7.Ifyourheadandneckstillhurttomorrow,thengotoadoctor.如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。(1)此处连词if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果,假如”。Eg:IfshearrivesinNewYork,I’lltelephoneyou.例题解析:—Iwonderifthepsychologistwillcometoourschoolthisweekend.—Ifhe_____,wewillbeveryexcited.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came(2)gotoadoctor为固定短语,意为“看医生”,相当于Eg:Billwenttoadoctoryesterday.gotoseeadoctor.Don’ttakeanymedicinebeforegoingtoadoctor.8.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.他下了车,问那个妇女发生了什么事。(1)getoff为“动词+副词”结构的短语,人称代词作宾语时,应放在动词与副词之间,此处意为“下车”。辨析:○1getoff意为“下(汽车、火车、飞机等)”Thefirstpassengertogetoffthebuswasawoman.○反义词为getoff2geton意为“登上(汽车、火车、飞机等)”,后面常跟较大的交通工具,WhenIgotonthebus,Isawmyteachersittingthere.○3getinto意为“进入(小汽车、出租车、电梯等)”,后面常跟较小的交通工具。反义词为getoutofHegotintoataxiandleft.培生学堂八年级下○4getoutof意为“从(小汽车、出租车、直升飞机等)下来”Shegotoutofthecarandwenintothehall.例题解析:Don’t____thebusuntilitstops.A.turnoffB.putonC.getoffD.setup(2)happen为及物动词,意为“发生”○to后面,用句型1当表示“某人或者某物发生某事”时,某人或者某物必须放在介词sth.Happenstosb./sth.来表达WhathashappenedtoJudy?○2当用作“碰巧”时,常用句型sb.Happenstodosth.和Ithappens+that从句Shehappenedtomeetherfriendinthebookstore.IthappenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.9.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoactquickly.王先生知道他必须快点行动。haveto不得不,后面接动词原形辨析:haveto和must○;must强调主观上的必要性。1haveto强调客观上的需要Ihavetotidyuptheroom.(客观需要)Imusttidyuptheroom.(主观想法)○2haveto有人称,数和时态变化,可用于一般现在时,一般过去时或一般将来时等;must无人称,数,时态变化,主要用于一般现在时。Doeshehavetostayhere?Mustshefinishherhomeworkfirst?○3它们的否定形式不同。don’thaveto表示“不必要,不需要”must’表t示“禁止,不允许,不应该”Youdon’thavetohelphim.Youmustn’thelphim10.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.但出乎他的意料,他们都同意和他一起去。(1)toone’ssurprise为固定结构,意为“使某人惊讶的是...类”似结构还有toone’tjoy使人开心的是;toone’sdisappointment令人失望的是;toone’ssatisfaction使某人满意的是Tohissurprise,shewonthefirstprize.(2)agree为及物动词。后面可跟名词,代词,动词不定式或者宾语从句。辨析:○1agreeto后面接计划或者建议。Iagreetoyourplan.培生学堂八年级下○Theyagreedontheseterms.2agreeon后面接日期或者条款。○Iagreewithyou.3agreewith后面接人或者意见。11.Theoldmangottothehospitalintime.那位老人及时到达了医院。getto意为“到达”。此处get为补给物动词,当后面接地点名词时,要加上介词to.辨析:1get不及物动词,后面可接地点名词作宾语要加介词to.要是接地点副词home,here和○there不用to.Igethomeat7:00P.m.everyday.WhattimeshallwegettoBeijing?2arrive不及物动词,可直接跟地点副词;加上介词at/in后,才能接地点名词。(大地点用○in;小地点用at)○3reach及物动词,其后可接跟地点名词,也可跟地点副词。IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.Wereachedhereonfoot.SectionB1.PutonacleanT-shirt..穿上意见干净的T恤衫。puton为“动词+副词”短语,意为“穿上;戴上”。代词作其宾语时,须放在puton的中间。Heputonacoatandwentout.辨析:○1puton穿“衣”表动作○2wear“穿衣”及物动词,表状态○3dress给“....传衣服”及物动词,宾语只能为人。○穿“着”后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词,表状态。bein同bedressedin4(be)in例题解析:1.________warmclothes,oryou’llcatchold.ac2.Thechildrenare__________niceclothestoday.3.Thegirl_____redishisdaughter.4.I______himeverymo