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（被动语态）英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Heopenedthedoor.他开了门Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays.语态分类被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词Be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的。肯定句：S(主语)+be+P.P.+(by…)否定句：S(主语)+benot+P.P.+(by…)一般疑问句：Be+S(主语)+P.P.+(by…)特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+P.P.+(by…)Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.改为被动语态1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词•Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschooltomorrow.•Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.下列时态的被动语态构成1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：过去进行时现在完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各种时态的被动语态构成含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。•Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.•→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)•→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)注意：直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for•1.动词后常加to的：•Give给show给…看send寄bing带来pass递给lend借给leave留给hand交给tell告诉write写给throw扔promise答应refuse拒绝return归还•2.动词后常加for的:•pay付钱给…buy买sing给…唱歌make制作do做get得到•中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aaren’ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）TTheysentupwereplantedaregrown高分突破1.主动语态中带有省to不定式作宾语补足语时，变被动语态时应还原to。（see、make等词）记住口诀Thebossmadetheworkersworktwelvehoursaday.Theworkerstwelvehoursaday.weremadetowork2.主动形式表示被动：A.连系动词无被动语态。(即系表结构)Theclothfeelssoftandcool.B.表示主语本身的属性。常见的动词有：wash.write、sellopen等。Thiskindofclothwasheswellandsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.C.需要做某事：want/need/require+doingsth.=want/need/require+tobedoneTheflowerswantwatering.Look,thesoilissodry.D.值得做某事：beworthdoingsth.Thebookiswellworthreadingtwice.3.形式被动但表主动：bemarriedbeusedtodoingbebroken4.常见没有被动语态的词和短语：become、happen、takeplace.comeabout.breakout等GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttwentyyears.Homework:1.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.2.Theyfinishedtheirhomework.3.Icanmendhisbike.4.Shewillbuytenbookstomorrow.5.Weshouldn’tallowthemtogooutwiththeirfriends.6.Theoldmanoftenmakesuslaugh.7.Whofinishedtheworkyesterday?8.Hisfatheroftenlethimstayoutsidealone9.Wheredidyouseethefilm?10.Theylaughedather