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牛津上海版英语八上各单元知识梳理Unit1PenfriendsⅠWords:1.penfriend笔友penpal2.magazine杂志aliterarymagazine文学杂志women’smagazine妇女杂志→n.magazinist期刊编辑3.hobby业余爱好4.chess国际象棋chessman棋子(pl.chessmen)chessboard棋盘5.own拥有ownup承认错误owner所有者物主业主6.《7.good/well—better---best8.architect建筑师architecture建筑学9.nearbyadv.在附近不远adj.附近的邻近的10.keenadj.热心的渴望的敏锐的灵敏的Keenlyadv.敏锐地keennessn.敏锐11.ambition雄心抱负befullofambition野心勃勃ambitiousadj.有雄心的12.enclose附上ⅡPhrases1.attheend在………的末端2.`3.bekeenon热心于做热衷于………4.playchess下象棋5.twelveyearsold6.aboycalledTom一个名叫Tom的男孩aboynamedTomaboywiththenameTom7.bestwishes最好的祝愿8.by+交通工具=take+a/an+交通工具9.tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人关于某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人别做某事10.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事likedoingsth./mind/practice/finish/11.speak/tell/say/talksay说述说speak说话发言电话来时用speakingtalk说谈话of/abouttell告诉讲述ⅢSentence1.makeit+adj.forsb.todosth.it形式宾语2.sth.+be+todo动词不定式做表语3.Ihopeyouwillwritetomesoon.我希望你尽快给我回信hope有可能实现的愿望wish不大可能实现的愿望…hopetodo希望做某事wishsb.todo希望某人做……..ⅣGrammarⅠquestionwords(疑问词)what、who(whom)/whose/which/when/where/how/whyhowmany/much/long/far/soon/fast/often/howmanytimesⅡ冠词1.不定冠词a/an的用法“不见“原因”（发元音）别施“恩”（an）特殊案例：前需要加a的：universityausualbookEurope欧洲European欧洲人one-daytrip》需要加an的：unhappy+n.uncleunusual+n.2.定冠词the的用法特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。序数词最高级，习惯用语牢记。特殊案例：abrightmoon4.零冠词的用法“以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭,名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前”特殊案例：agoodbreakfast|Unit2ⅠWords1.whizz-kid神童优等生n.顶部顶端盖顶盖2.severaladj.＆pron.几个少许3.successfuladj.成功的adj.unsuccessful不成功的succeedv.成功successn.成功besuccessfulin在……..上成功-4．Businessn.买卖生意商业businessman商人生意人（男pl.businessmen）businesswoman(女)商人(pl.businesswomen)5．luckily幸运地adv.反义词：unluckilyluckn.幸运运气luckyadj.幸运的6．popularadj.受欢迎的流行的unpopularadj.不受欢迎的bepopularwith受到………的欢迎/喜爱7.sell卖出售sellout售完全部出售sellern.卖者卖方8．overadv.超过多于morethann.经理管理人managev.管理经营…公司（事业business或贸易trade活动而集结的团体）businessn.盈利为目的的商业活动商店或场所firm合伙公司11．responsibleadj.有责任的负责人的irresponsible不负责任的beresponsiblefor对………负责12．sale销售出售、大减价forsale待售出售13．discussv.讨论discussionn.讨论discusswithsb.和某人谈话和某人讨论.14．simple简单的简易的（单一不复杂）easy不难15．achievev.完成到达achievementn.成绩功绩16．failv.失败failuren.失败不及格17．collectv.领走接走收藏收集collectionn.收藏品collect有目的的或有挑选的收集gather有少到多的收集18．returnv.返回回到returnsth.tosb./givesth.backtosb.把某物还给某人…19．attend出席join加入（组织）joinin参加某些活动takepartin参加（群众性具体活动会议等）enterfor报名参加（比赛项目）20．assistv.帮助n.assistant助手assistsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事!helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事21.continue继续连续延续ⅡPhrases词组1．getup起床geton上车getoff下车getback返回2．Puton(强调动作)takeoff脱下wear(强调状态)in+衣服名词/颜色,with眼镜手套之类的（不可与衣服搭配）breakfast吃早餐时on从事……..的研究outofwork失业atwork在工作apieceofwork一份工作workout解决找到答案ajob一分工作》phonecalls打电话telephonesb.callsb.makeaphonecalltosb.callsb.up6．Ontheway在路上onone’sway(to)在…….的路上Inthe/one’swayto挡在……路上7．twiceaweek一周两次onceaweekthreetimesaweek8.asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事asksb.nottodo要求某人不要做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事tellsb.notdosth.告诉某人不要做某事《9．havedinnerwithsb.与某人共进晚餐10.continuedoingsth.继续做某事（该件事情已经做了一部分继续做相同的事情）continuetodosth.继续做某事（从一件事情到另外一件事情）Tomwillcontinuetodohishomeworkafterdinner.Tomwillcontinuedoinghishomeworkforanothertwohours.ⅢSentences句子1.mustbe一定(对现在情况的肯定猜测)can’tbe不可能是（对现在情况的否定猜测）2.oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……..之一”（谓语动词三人称单数）3.（4.before在……之前thedaybeforeyesterday前天thedayaftertomorrow后天(1)before在…..前面在……之前after在…..之后(2)before从过去某时间的“以前”那时以前ago以现在为基准（现在以前）因为（后接句子）becauseof因为ⅣGrammar(一)一般现在时(二)频度副词always=allthetimeusually/often=manytimessometimes---lessthanoftenmorethanseldomseldom—notmanytimesnever—atnotime…Unit3ⅠWords1.troublen.麻烦困难困境v.麻烦烦扰请求使烦恼asksb.todosth.(What’sthetroublewithsb./What’swrongwithsb./What’sthematterwithsb.)2.happenv.出现发生happentosb./sth.成为某人/某事的体验或命运；降临到某人/某事的头上happentobe/do恰巧碰巧[happen/takeplace(不可用于被动语态)happen强调偶然性takeplace强调必然性或计划性3.arguev.争吵n.argument4.holdv.拿握容纳举行开会5.crowd人群abigcrowdofpeople一大群人adj.crowded拥挤的6.starev.凝视盯视注视stareat盯着盯住7.through穿过通过从开始到结束自始自终因为接通电话Theydrovethroughthetunnel.CanyouputmethroughtoTom,please$Theywalkedthroughthewholenight!Theboygotthejobthroughhisfather.through/across/over/bythrough:一边进入一边穿出across从一边倒另一边over从一边倒另一边必须横跨跨越by从边上经过8.stealv.偷盗stealsth.fromsb.n.theft偷盗窃罪rob抢robsb.ofsth.:9.notice注意察觉警告通知noticesb.dosth.注意某人干好某事Inoticehimwalkintotheroom.Inoticethathecameintotheroom.noticesb.doingsth.注意某人正在干某事Inoticehimeatingimpolitely.Inoticethathimwaseatingimpolitely.9.followv.跟随领会理解n.follower追随者adj.随后的10.hurryadv.匆忙地n..匆忙inahurry/hurried匆忙11.aboard在(飞机火车轮船等上)onaboard到船上在船上12.afraidadj.害怕的beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事不敢做某事afrightenedperson一个担惊受怕的人beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事（会引起某种后果）!beafraidofsth.害怕某事/某物beafraid+that从句13.detail细节枝节详情（pl.）indetail详细地14.as:当…….时候when/whileⅡPhrases1.dealwith对待处理（与how连用强调方法）○2涉及同……做生意dowith对待处理（与what连用强调对象）2.about/on在涉及文章,书籍,谈话,演说,报告等有关内容时,两者可通用。about表示的内容较为普通,不那么正式,on用于较正式的场合3.`4.writeabout写关于……..的事情writebackto回信给writedown写下记下putdownwritein用……（颜色）写write……on…….将…….写在……..上writewith用…….(书写工具)写5.waitfor等候waitandsee等着瞧waitup不睡觉等候6.shoutat冲………嚷嚷(吼叫)7.！8.holdout伸出提供9.bein在…….里beupin在上面的…….里bedownin在下面的…….里10.begin/startdoingsth.谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doingbegin/starttodosth.开始做某事11.runaway逃跑12.goafter跟踪13.meett