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英国文学复习总结详解Partone:EarlyandmedievalEnglishliterature1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople,itisalsotheepicoftheAnglo-Saxon.(P3)2.Thenameoftheterriblemonster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3)3.themoststrikingfeatureinitspoeticalformistheuseofalliteration(头韵)，othersaremetaphor（暗喻）andunderstatement(保守陈述)(P5)4TheNormanConquest（诺曼征服）markstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.(P6)5.Theromance(传奇文学)(P8)ThemostpopularofliteratureinfedualEnglandwastheromance.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Theherooftheromancewasthetheknight,amanofnoblebirth,skilledintheuseofweapons.Itwaswrittenforthenobleclass(贵族的文学)Romancesfallsintothreecycles:“mattersofBritain”(adventuresofKingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable),“mattersofFrance”(EmperorCharlemagneandhispeers)“mattersofRome”.(AlexandertheGreatandsoforth)6.WilliamLangland威廉·朗兰------PiersthePlowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11)7.Theballads(民谣)(P17)ThemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliteratureistheballad.Itisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas[ˈstænzə],withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.Itwaswrittenforcommonpeople(平民文学).Thesubjectsofballadsarevariousinkind,asthestruggleofyounglovesagainsttheirfeudal-mindedfamilies,theconflictbetweenloveandwealth,thecrueltyofenvy,thecriticismofthecivilwar,andthemattersofclassstruggle.ThemostfamousballadsaretheballadsofRobinHood.8.GeoffreyChaucer’Contributions1FatherofEnglishpoetryin14thcentury.ChaucerintroducesfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypesinsteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse,especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(theheroiccouplet)toEnglishpoetry.(P26)2ChauceristhefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.HisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoetryisanimportantfactorinestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.HedidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.(P26)3thefounderofEnglishrealism(P23)ThePrologue(序言)suppiesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime4.heforerunnerofhumanisim(P24倒数第二行)9.GeoffreyChaucerdiedin1400andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）thusfoundingthe“Poets’Corner”..(P20)10.TheRomauntoftheRose(translatedfromFranch)《玫瑰传奇》TroilusandCriseyde(adaptedfromtheItalian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》10.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟------TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》ThetalesoftheKnight,thePardoner（卖赎罪券者），theNun’sPriest(尼姑的牧师)，theWifeofBath,togetherwiththePrologue,arethebestofthewholecollection.(P24)（了解一下）Parttwo:TheEnglishrenaissance1.historicalbackground1.TheReformation(宗教改革)2.theAuthorizedVersion(钦定版圣经)3.TheEnclosuremovement（圈地运动）4Thecommercialexpansion（贸易扩张）5ThewarwithSpain（与西班牙战争）6Renaissance（文艺复兴）7Humanism（人文主义）（P27-30）2.ThomasMore托马斯·莫尔Utopia《乌托邦》UtopiaisMore'smasterpiece,writtenintheformofaconversationbetweenMoreandareturnedsailor.Itisdividedintotwobooks.(P37)BookIofUtopiaisapictureofcontemporarysocialconditionsofEngland.BookⅡwehaveapictureofanidealcommonwealth(Utopia)insomeunknownocean.(P37)3.ThomasWyatt(托马斯·韦阿特):HefirstintroducedthesonnetintoEnglandfromItaly.Surrey(萨里)，inhistranlationVirgil’sAeneid《埃涅伊德》,wrotethefirstEnglishblankverse(无韵诗)，latermasrerlyhandledbyShakepeareandMilton.4PhilipSidney(菲利普·锡德尼)AstrophelandStella《爱星者与星星》ApologyforPoetry《为诗辩护》5.WalterRaleigh(华尔特·罗利)DiscoveryofGuiaana《发现圭亚那》,Histortyoftheworld6.thepoets'poetoftheperiodwasEdmundSpenser.TheShepherd’sCalendar《牧羊人日记》，Epithalamion《新婚颂歌》，masterpieceTheFaerieQueen《仙后》7.TheFaerieQueen《仙后》（P42）1Spenser’sgrestestwork,isalongpoemplannedin12books,heonlyfinished6.theworkwasdedicatedtoQueenElizabeth.2eachguesthasaknight,eachknightrepresentsavirtue(美德),asHoliness（圣洁）,Temperance(温和)，Chastity(贞洁)，Friendship,Justice（正义）andCourtesy(谦恭).3TheknightasawholesymbolizeEngland,theevilfiguresstandforhisenemies,asKingPhilipofSpain,MaryQueenofScots(bothCatholics)orchurchofRome.4Thethoughtsofthepoemarenationalism,humanism,puritanism5TheFaerieQueeniswritteninaspecialverseform,consisitsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbyaninthlineofsixiambicfeet(analexandrine亚历山大诗行),withtherhymeschemeababbcbcc,theformcalledSpenserianStanza(斯宾塞诗节)（P43）8.JohnLyly（约翰·黎里）------Euphues《优弗依斯》waswritteninapeculiarstyleknownasEuphuism（优弗依斯体或绮丽体）(P44)9.FrancisBacon（弗朗西斯·培根）thefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy(唯物主义)andmodernscience（P45）1AdvancementofLearning《学问的演进》2NewInstrument《新工具》---astatementofwhatiscalledtheInductiveMethod(归纳法)3Eassy《随笔》Theseessayscoverawidevarietyofsubjects,suchaslove,truth,friendship,parentsandchildren,beauty,studies,riches,youthandage,garden,deathandmanyothers.（P46）Ofstudy《论读书》10.TheMiraclePlay(奇迹剧)(P46)ThemiracleweresimplyplaysbasedonBiblestoies,suchasthecreationoftheworld,Noah(诺亚)andtheflood,andthebirthcoChrist.Theywereatfirstperformedinthechurches.Butaftertheactorsintroducedsecular(世俗)andevencommercialelementsintotheperformance,itwasforbiddeninsidethechurch,soitgotintothemarketplace.11.Moralityplay(道德剧)(P47)Amoralitypresentedtheconflictofgoodandevilwithallegoricalpersons,suchasMercy(怜悯)，Peace,Hate,Follyandsoon.Theycontendedforthepossessionofone’ssoul.Themoralitywasdrearyperforman