ENGLISH--BOOK7--课后习题答案-(黄源深-朱种毅主编)

LessonEight1.DiscussthemetaphorofdramausedbyCowleytodescribetheroleofanoldperson.Theauthorcomparestheoldlifetoadrama,elderlypeopleplayanewroleinitthatmustbeimprovised.Thatisbecauseoldagegivesnobodyanymentalpreparationtogetoneselfreadyforit.What’smore,theinfirmitiesarelikenedtoaprompter,remindingthemofthefactthattheyareoldandshouldbehavelikeoldpeople.Thismetaphorvividlyshowsthestateofgettingintotheoldage.Andtheauthorsuggeststhatonehastoactandresponsetooldagealthoughgettingoldmayhappensuddenlytohimorher.2.Whatistheimplicationofthemetaphor?Theauthorusesthisimageofthecaptainwhostandsonthebridgeoftheshipandbravelydefyagainsttheoverpoweringforceoftheseatoanalogizetheelderlywhorefusetosurrenderandstanduptotheoldage.Heexpresseshisadmirationforthecaptainaswellasthoseoldpeople.Heimpliedthatoneshouldacceptoldageasaseriesofchallengesinsteadofgivingin.3.Howdoestheauthorexplainandillustrate“thevicesofage”?Doesheofferanyexplanationfortheformationofsuchvices?Theauthorgivesspecificexplanationsforthethreevicesofagehelisted--avarice,untidinessandvanity:Firstly,heexplainsavariceastheoldpeople’sparanoiacinsistenceofhoardingmoneythroughexemplification.Healsodiscussesthereasonforit--theaccumulationofmoney,whichisregardedasaformofpowerbytheelderly,cangivethemasenseofcomfort.Andsecondly,asforuntidiness,theauthorusesthestoryofCollyertoillustratetheoldpersons’habitofaccumulatingjunksaswellasthebadconsequenceofit,andpointsouttworeasonsfortheformationofit---lazinessandtheirbeliefthatthingsincludingtheirbodies,whichwereonceuseful,shouldbepreserved.Finally,withregardtovanity,theauthorusesseveralexamplesofanathlete,aphysician,ajudgeandotherstoexplainwhyitforms--withlessexpectationforthefuture,theelderlyyearnforrecognitionofwhattheyhavebeen.4.TellhowthetoneandfiguresofspeechusedbyCowleydescribethepleasureofsittingstill.1)Thepleasureofsittingstillisexpressedinatoneofpositive.Theauthorappreciatestherelaxation,peaceandtranquilityofsittingstill.2)ThefiguresofspeechusedbytheauthorincludesAnalogy:drawananalogybetweenanoldmansittingstillandasnakeonasun-warmedstonetransferredepithet:adeliciousfeelingofindolence“delicious”isoftenusedtomodifyfood,buthereitistransferredtomodifypeople’sfeelingofindolencerhetoricalquestion：butwhy,dotheyworksohardwhenthemosttheycanhopeforisalongerobituary?Contrast:contrastbetweenoldpeople’srelaxationandyoungpeople’ssufferingofthecompetitionwithothersRhyme:scroungingandgougingSpecificdetails5.WhatarethephysicalcompensationsofoldageandhowdoesCowleyillustratethem?1)Physicalcompensationsarelikedozinginthesunandthesatisfactionofafewofthesimplestneedssuchaseatingandsleeping.2)Cowleyillustratesthembyexemplification,analogy,contrastandsoon.3)Whenitcomestoillustratingthepleasureofsittingstill,theauthorusesanalogyandcontrast.4)Inordertoillustratethepleasureofeatandsleep,theauthorusestheexampleofanoldwomaninnursinghousewhocanonlylookforwardtomealsandsleep.However,toyoungpeople,sleepisamereinterruptionoftheirwork.Thesearephysicalcompensationsofoldage6.Showhowtheanalogyusedinthepoem“Terminus”helpsconveyitstheme.1)Byanalogizingone’slifetoavoyage,thegodofboundstodestiny,thefinalityoflifetotheshore,one’sambitionstothebranchesandroots,one’shorizonstothefirmament,theauthorsuggestedsomedisadvantagesofaging.2)Thegodofdestinybringsinfirmityandsenilitywhichisakindofrestraint,leavingelderlypeopleunabletoexerttheirstrengthandcontinuewiththeirambitions.3)What’smore,helimitsoldpeople’simaginationandcreativityandfinalizestheirdeath.7.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofgivingup?1)Thewriterthinksgivingupisthegreatesttemptationofage.Thegivers-upseenoreasonforworking.Theydecidethattheireffortsareuseless.2)Theauthorthinksthathehasn’ttherighttoblamethem,notbeingabletoputhimselfintheirshoes.3)Hesympathizeswiththeirproblemsandunderstandtheirreasonsforgivingup,butheadmiresthosewhoacceptoldageasaseriesofchallengesandmakesomeaccomplishment.8.WhatistheimplicationofthequotationfromPaulClaudelasgiveninthelastparagraph?Whenapersongetsintohisoldage,hisbodydoesn’tfunctionaswellasbefore.Butifhehasfinishedwhathewantstosayanddo,hemaystillfeelastonishinglywellevenwiththeinfirmitiesbroughtbyoldage.Therefore,weoughttoseizethechancetofightforourdreamswhenwearestillyoung.Andevenwhenwegetintoouroldage,weshouldacceptoldageasaseriesofchallenges,trytooutwiteverynewinfirmity,overcomeobstaclesbyforceofwill.Inthisway,wecanfullyenjoyouroldage.Lessonnine1.HowdidtheMarlboroimagechangebeforetheMarlboroManfinallyemergedby1963?1)TherewasatimewhentheMarlboroimagewasaladyandalwaysinplush,upholsteredsurroundings.2)Theninthe1950sMarlborowasgivenanew,masculineimage----thetattooedman.3)Bychance,thefirsttattooedmanwasacowboy.Later,thetattooedmanforsooktherangeinpursuitofothermanlyvocationslikeexplorers,sailors,athletesandanoccasionaltuxedoedbutnolessruggedgentleman.4)Intheearly1960s,thecowboywaspromotedtosupremacyoverothertattooedmen.5)By1963thetattoohaddisappearedandtheMarlboroManhademergedastheexclusiveinhabitantofMarlborocommercials.2.IsMarlboroCountryreminiscentofapastoralidealoraprimitiv