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一.教学内容：高考英语语法：动词不定式动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词、动名词。今天我们主要讨论动词不定式。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。（一）不定式的句法功能：1.作主语：Tomakeaspeechhereisanhonor.Toloseheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：Itisanhonortomakeaspeechhere.Itmeansfailuretoloseheart.常用结构：It+be+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.=sb.be+adj.+todosth.(常见形容词:clever,silly,foolish,stupid,wise,kind,rude,impolite,careless,cruel,crazy,etc.)It’snecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Itisfoolishofyoutomakesuchamistake.=Youarefoolishtomakesuchamistake.2.作表语：Herwishistobecomeanovelist.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be,seem,remain,appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea,purpose,hope,plan,intention,wish,dream,etc.Mypurposeistoteachthemalesson.有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。Tobestrictwithstudentsistoberesponsibletothem.WhatIwanttodois(to)tellyouthetruth.如果主语中含有do的任何形式,那么不定式可以省去to.Theonlythinghecoulddowas(to)tellthetruth.比较:[来源:学科网ZXXK]A组:sth.+be+不定式(作表语)---表示主语的具体内容sb.+be+不定式(作表语)---表示时态(将来时)Heistotidyuptheroom.Hisplanistotidyuptheroom.B组:动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别:(1)一般情况下,区别不大,可通用Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.(2)动名词表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的,而不定式表示某次具体的动作.Myjobistypingpapers.Myjobnowistotypethesepapers.[来源:学*科*网]3.作宾语：A.动词+to不定式常见动词:hope,wish,long,want,refuse,pretend,promise,agree,aim,decide,expect,offer,fail,plan,learn,manage,intend,desire,etc.Ilongedtobecomeanartist.Hehelped(to)bringuptheorphan.B.动词+(间接宾语)+疑问词+to不定式常见动词:know,decide,wonder,learn,remember,understand,findout,etc.Idon’tknowwhattosaytocomforther.Thefarmershowedushowtomilkthecow.C.动词+it+宾语补足语+(forsb.)+to不定式：常见动词:find,consider,think,make,feel,etc.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.IthinkitimportantforyoutorecitesomeEnglisharticles.D.介词but,except后可接to不定式作宾语。注意：如句中谓语或非谓语部分含有do，那么不定式可省去toSeeingtheroomcrowded,Ihadnochoicebuttostandinthedark.Seeingtheroomcrowded,Icoulddonothingbutstandinthedark.4.作宾语补足语：A.动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式常见动词:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,allow,permit,help,advise,persuade,cause,force,warn,invite,urge,encourage,prepare,callon,wouldlike,waitfor,etc.Igotthemtojoinusinthediscussion.Theyarewaitingfortheschoolbustocome.B.动词+宾语+不带to的不定式常用动词:feel;hear,listento;make,let,have;see,watch,observe,notice,lookat;help（可带to或不带to)但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.比较:Isawhimcrossingtheroad.Hewasseen_____theroad.Isawhimcarrieddownstairs.Hewasseen____downstairs.5.作定语：A.与被修饰名词构成动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.(如果不定式是vi.，其后应有适当的介词.)如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.注意：如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式就用被动语态表示。比较:Iamgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.Iamgoingtothepostoffice,doyouhaveanylettertobeposted?B.与被修饰名词构成主谓关系：Heistherightpersontodothatjob.Heisthefirsttogethere.注意：不定式+介词修饰名词也可以转换成介词+关系代词（whom或which）+不定式。Maryisanicecompaniontotravelwith.Maryisanicecompanionwithwhomtotravel.Igotapieceofpapertowriteon.Igotapieceofpaperonwhichtowrite.C.说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.Janeexpressedawishtoearnherownliving.6.作状语：A.表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttopayoffthedebt.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意：不定式逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.(×)Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.(√)=Hehastriedeverymeansinorderto/soastosavemoney.=Inordertosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.B.表结果：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.WouldyoubesokindastotellmethewaytothegardenHotel?Hisbehaviorissuchastomakehisfriendsangry.Thepatientisstrongenoughtowalkabout.too…to…结构It’stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionistoosimpleforhimtoanswer.注：对少数几个表示心情或倾向的形容词，如：glad,ready,pleased,willing,anxious,happy,satisfied,etc.用于too…to…结构时表示肯定意义。Theyweretooanxioustoleave.Iamonly/buttoogladtodoyouthefavor.C.表原因：Theywereveryexcitedtohearthenewsthattheirteamhadwonthegame.7.作插入语和同位语：常见插入语:totell(you)thetruth/tobefrank;truthtotell实不相瞒;tostart/beginwith;toconclude;tomakematterworse;tobemoreexact确切地讲;tomakealongstoryshort长话短说，简而言之;tobefair公平地说，凭心而论;tobesure肯定地，毫无疑问地;Totell(you)thetruth,Idon’tliketheway_______hetalked.Tomakematterworse/_______,thecomputerbrokedown.Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.Herwishtobeanairhostesshasnevercometrue.（二）动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.（三）动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作宾语）(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.（不定式作主语）[来源:学科网](3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.（不定式作表语）（四）不定式的时态:1.一般式(to)+动词原形：不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。Thepolicemanmadethethiefstandinthecorner.Theplayissaidtobemadeintoafilmsoon.2.进行式tobe+现在分词：不定式的进行式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生。(seem,appear,happen,pretend等动词的结构中)Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.=Theboypretendedthathewasworkinghard.Heseemstobereadinginhisstudy.=Itseemsthatheisreadinginhisstudy.3.完成式tohave+过去分词：不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词动作之前.Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages.=Itissaidthatthenovelhas