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单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1．starvevi.&vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死→starvationn．饿死2．originn．起源；由来；起因→originaladj.原来的3．religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的4．beliefn．信任；信心；信仰5．gainvt.获得；得到6．independencen．独立；自主→independentadj.独立的；自主的7．gathervt.&vi.搜集；集合；聚集8．agriculturaladj.农业的；农艺的→agriculturen．农业；农艺；农学9．awardn．奖；奖品vt.授予；判定10．admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admirationn．羡慕11．energeticadj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energyn．能量；精力12．customn．习惯；风俗13．permissionn．许可；允许→permitvt.允许n.许可证；执照14．apologizevi.道歉；辩白→apologyn．道歉15．sadnessn．悲哀；悲伤→sadadj.悲哀的；悲伤的16．obviousadj.明显的；显而易见的17．forgivevt.原谅；饶恕→forgivenessn．原谅→forgivingadj.宽恕的；宽容的重点短语1．takeplace发生2．inmemoryof纪念3．dressup盛装；打扮；装饰4．playatrickon诈骗；开玩笑5．lookforwardto期望；期待；盼望6．dayandnight日夜7．asif/though似乎，好像8．havefunwith玩得开心9．turnup出现；到场10．keepone’sword守信用；履行诺言11．holdone’sbreath屏息；屏气12．setoff出发；动身；使爆炸13．remind...of...使……想起……14．be/getmarriedto和……结婚15．apologizetosb.for...因……向某人道歉16．incelebrationof为了庆祝17．havebeliefin对……有信仰18．bedrownedin沉溺于；埋头于经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1．Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,_especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.在当时，如果食物难以找到，人们就会挨饿，特别是在寒冷的冬季。2．Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。3．ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave...很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……必备语法（高级句型）情态动词（1）晨读范文背诵【东北三省三校2018年高三第一次联合模拟】假设你叫李华，你的澳洲朋友Devin参加汉语水平考试（HSK）未能通过，请你写一封信，安慰一下你的朋友。内容包括：1.对考试失利的安慰；2.对汉语学习提出建议。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。【参考范文】DearDevin,IamsorrytohearthatyoufailedtopassHSK.Ihopethattheunexpectedfailurewillnotletyoudown,forIhavestillbeenamazedbytheexcellentChineseyouspokewhenwefirstmet.Asweknow,languagelearningisneveraneasytask,butneedspainstakingeffortsandpatience.Personally,Ithinkyou’dbetterpaycloseattentiontotheformaluseofChinesewordsandexpressions,whichreallycount.Meanwhile,youmayaswellwatchmoreChinesematerialsasmuchasyoucanafford.Moreimportantly,youshouldlearnfromthemistakesthatyouhavemade.Anyhow,you’vealreadymadegreatprogressinyourlearningofChinese.Agoodlucknexttime.117Yours,LiHua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1．starvevi.&vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死【教材原句】Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到特备是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。【例句研读】(1)Theenemyistryingtostarveus__________敌人正在企图饿死我们。(2)Theenemywasaimedatstarvingus______submission.敌人目的是想断绝食物让我们屈服。(3)I’m_____;let’shaveabigdinner.我饿得要死了，让我们吃一顿丰盛的晚餐吧。【答案】(1)todeath.(2)into(3)starving【归纳拓展】starvationn.[u]饿死starvetodeath=dieofstarvation/hunger饿死starvesbtodeath把某人饿死starveforsth.=bestarvedofsth.=hope/longforsth.希望/渴望得到某物【即时巩固】(1)Thousandsofpeople________________________inAfrica.在非洲成千上万的人们都饿死了。(2)Thesechildrenare________________love.这些孩子都渴望爱。(3)Thepeopleontheisland_____________________freshwatersinceithadn’trainedfornearlyhalfayear.因为将近一年没下雨了，岛上的人们都急需淡水。【答案】1).starvedtodeath/diedofstarvation2).starvingfor3).werestarvedof考点2．trickn．诡计；恶作剧；花招；窍门vt.哄骗，欺骗【教材原句】Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem如果邻居不给他们糖果，孩子们可能就会捉弄他们。【例句研读】(1)Johntaughtme______________________openingabottleofwine..约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。(2)Thechildrenlovedto_____________________theirteacher.这些孩子好跟他们的老师玩恶作剧。(3)Shetrickedme_______________forhermealattherestaurant.她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。【答案】（1）thetrickof（2）playtrickson(3)intopaying【归纳拓展】trickortreat不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们挨户要礼物的用语)playatrickonsb.捉弄某人haveatrickofdoingsth.有做某事的习惯tricksb.intodoingsth.哄骗某人做某事tricksb.outofsth.骗取某人某物【即时巩固】(1)Theyhadtothinkof________togetpasttheguards.他们只好想出个计谋骗过岗哨。(2)Thekidsarealways____________.孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。(3)Hetrickedme_________him$100.他骗我借给了他100美元。(4)She____________________herlifesavings她被骗走了一生的积蓄。(5)It'ssurprisingthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimple______.A．trialB．trickC．treatD．trip【答案】B【解析】trick“恶作剧，诡计”，符合题意。【答案】（1）atrick（2）playingtrickson（3）intolending（4）wastrickedoutof考点3．gainvt.&vi.获得；赢得；(钟表)走快n.利益【教材原句】IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain。纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。【例句研读】(1)Mywatchgainstwominutesevery24hours.我的表每天______两分钟。(2)Hehasgainedrichexperienceintheseyears.这些年他已______了丰富的经验。(3)Hegainedweightafterrecoveryfromhisillness.康复后他的体重______了。【答案】(1)走快_(2)获取(3)增加【归纳拓展】gainexperience/fame/independence获得经验/名望/独立gainsth.from从……处获得某物gainother’srespect/love/trust获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任Nopains,nogains.一分耕耘,一分收获。【即时巩固】(1)Ihave__________________________________sinceIarrived.我到这里以后，结识了很多朋友。(2)Hehad________________andlookedmuchbetter.他体重增加，脸色好看多了。(3)___________intothepit,___________inyourwit.吃一堑，长一智。【答案】（1）gainedalotoffriends（2）gainedweight（3）Afall；again考点4．awardvt.颁奖，授予，判定n.奖项，奖金,助学金，奖品【教材原句】Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。【例句研读】(1)TheyawardedJohnthefirstprize.他们________约翰一等奖。(2)Shewasgivenagoldmedalasanaward.她被授予一枚金牌________。【答案】（1）授予（2）作为奖励【归纳拓展】win/receive/getanawardfor因某事赢得、得到、获得奖项awardsb.sth./sth.tosb.授予某人某物beawardedfor...因……而受奖辨析：award和rewardawardn.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receiveanawardforsth.vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”awardsb.sth.=aw