语法知识精讲一、考点梳理。1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That's____thebestjobsare.where在此引导表语从句,表示“……的地方”。又如:Thisiswheretheriveristhedeepest.这是河流的最深处。ThisiswhereIfirstmether.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。2.考查what的用法(1)____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.what在此引导主语从句,相当于thethingthat。(2)____parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.what在此引导主语从句,相当于thethingthat~3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用Choosingtherightdictionarydependson_______youwanttouseitfor.what用以引导宾语从句,用作介词on的宾语,其中的what在从句中用作介词for的宾语。4.考查whatever等的用法CouldIspeakto____isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?whoever有两个主要用法:一是用于引导名词性从句,其意思相当于thepersonwho;二是用于引导状语从句,其意思相当于nomatterwho。句中的whoever引导宾语从句,用作介词to的宾语,5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and____allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.that在此用于引导宾语从句,用作动词check的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子,句中的现在分词havingchecked带有两个宾语从句(that)thedoorswereclosed和thatallthelightswereoff,只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词that。6.考查同位语从句的运用Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.that在此引导同位语从句,修饰Awarmthought。此题的难点是Awarmthought与其同位语从句被分离开了。二、要点点拨名词性从句必记考点一、that从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(2)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.不要惊奇,我们队本来就应赢得比赛。(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。注意:在口语和非正式文体中.that常可省略。在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的。It'sapity(that)you'releaving.你要走,真遗憾。但that从句位于句首时,连接词that是绝对不能省略的。Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。(4)以下情况用虚拟语气:,①Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted(坚持要,一定要)thatsb.(should)dosth.②Itisnecessary/important/strange/naturalthatsb.(should)dosth.2.作动词的宾语(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语,此时that不可省略。注意:一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语,偶尔可作except,in,but的宾语。Hedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语。YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayshelpyou.我会一直帮助你,你要相信这一点。3.作形容词的宾语某些形容词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连接词that可省略。I'mafraidyoudon'tunderstandwhatIsaidjustnow.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。4.作表语(1)连接词that不可省略。(2)主句的主语是reason,则表语从句只能用that引导。(3)主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order,proposal等时,表语从句应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。5.作同位语Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakeseveryonehappy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。特别注意:that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后。如:fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,但另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语,还可以省略。但是,引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasreallyencouraging.(同位语从句)我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though【答案】C【解析】本题考查间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是thefact和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。【例】Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【答案】C二、wh-疑问从句1.作主语,常用it作形式主语Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillpresideatthemeeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。主语从句如果是用what,whatever,whoever等引导的,表示一个具体的东西或人,这种主语从句不能用it来替换。Whathefoundinterestedmegreatly.他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoeverhasfinishedmayrest.谁完工了就可以休息。【例】AgoodfriendofminefromIwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.A.howB.whomC.whenD.which【答案】C【解析】本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为”就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”2.作直接宾语特别注意:wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语,但if从句不能作介词的宾语。Italldepends(on)howwesolvetheproblem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。3.作表语【例】Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who4.作某些形容词的宾语Youmustbecarefulwhatyoudo.你必须小心你所做的事情。5.作同位语Thequestionwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstillunderdiscussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what=thething(s)that/whichwhoever=anyonewhowhichever=anyone/anythingthatwhatever=anythingthatwhere=theplacewherewhen=thetimewhen注意:连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问,但what,when,where等连接词有两种含义,一种表示疑问(即:什么,何时,何地),另一种表示陈述(即thethingthat,thetimewhen,theplacewhere)。【例】Thehowtobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。此处从做介词to的宾语,是名词性从句,引导词做从句的主语,指人,意思是:无论是谁,选D。注意:名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。下列情况只用whether不用if:1.引导主语从句且置于句首时。2.引导表语从句时。3.引导同位语从句时。4.引导宾语从句且前置时。5.作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。6.其后紧跟ornot时。7.其后跟不定式时。五、“疑问词+ever”与“nomatter+疑问词”的应用。1.whatever,whoever等既可以引导名词性从句,又可引导状语从句。。引导名词性从句时,其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等,相当于anythingthat,anyonewho等;当引导状语从句时,其主句不缺任何成分,并且主