小升初英语专题讲解十介词

第十讲介词介词用来表示名词、代词之间的关系。介词通常放在名词或代词前,构成介词短语。1、表示时间的介词1)at①用于时刻,钟点前。atnoon在中午atnight在夜晚Igotoschoolatseveneveryday我每天早上7点去上学。②用于固定搭配。atonce立刻、马上atthesametime同时notatall一点也不atnoon在中午atnight在夜晚attheageof在……岁时attheendof在……结束时atlast最后atfirst=firstofall起初,首先2）on①用于星期前,用于具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前,也可用在公共节假日前。onMonday/Tuesday....onacoldmorning在一个寒冷的早上onTeachers’DayonSeptember1st②用于某些固定搭配：onduty值日ontime准时3)in①用在世纪、年代、月份、四季前。in1840inthe21stcentury在21世纪inspring/summer/autumn/winter在春夏秋冬inJanuaryinthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上2、表示地点的介词at表示在某一具体地点athome在家atschool在学校atthebusstop在公交车站on具体到街道onLongshouStreetontheleft/right在左边/右边in大地点inChinainBeijing2.表位置的介词(1).in在……里面(2).on在……上面(3).under在……下面/正下方(4).behind在……之后Thereisabikebehindthetree.树后有一辆自行车.(5).nextto在……旁边,紧挨着…(6).near在……附近Mybedisnearthewindow.我的床在窗户旁。(7).beside在……旁(8).infrontof在……（外部的）前面(9).inthefrontof在……（内部的）前面辨析：infrontof与inthefrontofinfrontof外部的前面inthefrontof内部的前面E.g.Theteacherisinfrontoftheclassroom.Theteacherisinthefrontoftheclassroom.Heisinfrontofthecar.Heisinthefrontofthecar.(10).between..and…在…..和…..之间between:在两者之间Theschoolisbetweenthebankandbookstore.among:在三者或者更多的之中TherearesomeAmericanstudentsamongus.辨析：onthewall与inthewall（在墙上）图画、黑板、风筝等“在墙上”,是因为它们在墙的表面,用onthewall。门窗、钉子、洞、孔等“在墙上”,是因为它们在墙的里面,用inthewall。onthetree与inthetreeonthetreeThemonkeysareinthetree.inthetreeTheapplesareonthetree.扩展--句型练习Whereisthecomputer?It’sonthedesk.3、其他介词1)表示“用”时,by+交通工具,in+语言What’sthisinEnglish?扩展：句型练习Howdoyougotoschool?How引导的特殊疑问句,用以询问交通方式,表示交通工具的短语takea/the+交通工具,动词短语作谓语。takeabus/subway/taxi/trainwalk/rideabikeItakeabustoschool.by+交通工具,或on/in+限定词(the\my等)+交通工具,介词短语作状语。bybus/train/subway/bike/car,onfoot,onmybike,inthebus/train/subwayIgotoschoolbybus.2)for的常见用法①当作,作为Whatdoyouhaveforsupper?②表示理由或者原因,“因为,由于”Thanksforhelpingmecarrythebox.Thanksforsth/doingsth=thankyouforsth/doingsth③对……而言--begoodfor--asforIt’s+adjforsbtodosth.④表示时间,意为“计、达到”for+一段时间Iliveherefortenyears.⑤表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、买”Youcanbuythissweaterfortendollars.Ipaytwentyyuanforthisdictionary.It’stimeforschool.⑥表示所属关系或者用途,为了……Ireadthisstorybookforfun.3)with①和,写：Couldyougohomewithme?你能和我一起回家吗？②表示伴随状态,带有Who'sthatgirlwithglasses?那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？4)about①表示大约时间：It'saboutsixo'clocknow.现在大约6点钟了。②关于,对于：Wearetalkingaboutthenews.我们正在谈论新闻。5)after①在……之后：AfterdinnerIwatchTV.晚饭后我看电视。②在……后面：Hecameintotheroomafterme.他在我后面进了房间。6)of①的（表示所属关系）：Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是一张我家的照片。②……的（用于所有格）Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。③表示数量（与连词连用）OneofusisfromBeijing.我们中有一个来自北京④用于某些固定搭配：ofcourse当然becauseof因为,由于7)over①在……正上方：Thereisalampoverthetable.桌子上方有一盏灯。②遍及,穿过：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.有座桥横跨那条河。③超过,不止：Sheisalittleover2.她两岁多了。8)to①到,往,向：Hewalkstothewindow.他走向窗户。②表示时间、数量,到……为止Pleasecountfromtentothirty.请从10数到30.③向,对,给：HappyNewYeartoyouall.大家新年好。4、介词辨析along,across,through①along:沿着GoalongZhongshanRoadandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.②across:横过(平面物体)③through:贯通,通过Thestudentswalkedthroughthegate5、介词的固定搭配arriveat/inhelpsb.withsth.askforatthemomentlaughatatpresentlearnfromatworklookafteratthesametimelookforworryaboutlistentoonholidaylookatontimewaitforontheradioonsaleonTVonthephoneonthewaytobeinterestedinbegoodatbegoodforbegoodwithinclassbelateforintheendinbedindangeratleast介词练习()1.___theafternoonofMay,wevisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.onatB.ininC.inat()3.HespeaksJapanesebest____theboystudents.A.betweenB.withC.among()4.Helefthome___acoldwinterevening.A.atB.onC.in()5.Shanghaiis____theeastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()6.Howabout___theflowersnow?A.wateringB.arewateringC.watered()7.Shespentallhismoney___books.A.inB.withC.on()8.Whatwillyouhave___breakfastthismorning?A.withB.forC.by()9.Aplaneisflying____thecity.A.onB.overC.above()10.Mr.GreenwillstayinChina___Friday.A.toB.onC.till()11.It’swrongtoplayjokes___otherpeople.A.onB.ofC.with()12.Ipaidtwohundredyuan___thatkindofbicycle.A.inB.forC.on()13.Thereisasmallriver___thetwotowns.A.inB.betweenC.among()14.Areyougoingtothezoo___busor___mycar?A.onbyB.byinC.onin()15.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on()16.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in()17.Therearemanyapples___thetree.Abird___thetreeispickinganapple.A.inonB.oninC.inat二、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1.What’sthis______(at,on,in)English?2.Christmasis______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3.Lookatthosebirds______(on,in)thetree.4.Isthereacat______(under,behind,in)thedoor?三、给下列词组填入正确的介词（15*1分=15分）1.Jimusuallygetsup______6:30______themorning.2.It'salwayscoldandsnowy______winter______Harbin.3.TheAprilFool'sDayis_____the1stofApril.4.TheSpringFestivalis______JanuaryorFebruary.5.HowmanyChineselessonsdoyouhave______aweek.6.Wehavefourlessons_________themorning.7.Heoftendoeshishomework______Fridayevening.8.Pleasecometoschool____halfpasteight.9.Thelittlegirlplaysthepiano_____theeveningeveryday.10.Whatdidyoudo_____theSpringFestival?11.Iusuallytakephotos_____Sundaymorning.12.Women'sdayis_____theeighthofMarch.13.Wegotoschool____seven_____them