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1abeautifulgirlafriendofminethegirlstandingthere作定语定语就是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。Maryisabeautifulgirl.ThebestboyhereisTom.Itisaballpen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilinggirlneedsapenboughtbyhermother.不定式副词短语形容词分词名词定语从句的定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的词（先行词）后面。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.先行词关系词定语从句修饰先行词：被定语从句所修饰限定的词（名词或代词）。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinNewYork.关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词在定语从句中作状语关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：where,when,why关系词常有3个作用：1、____定语从句。2、____先行词。3、____成分。引导代替充当1.who/whom的用法:二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句只作宾语。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.Themanwhom/whoyoumetjustnowismyfriend.①常见的关系代词2.which的用法：which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.①常见的关系代词OurEnglishteacherisamanwho/thatcanmakehisclassinteresting.Thebooksthat/whichtheyboughtwerewrittenbyme.Sheisnotthepersonthatsheusedtobe.3.that的用法：既可以指人，也可以指物。在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。①常见的关系代词Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.=ofwhichthewindow4.whose的用法：…的whose一般指人，但有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。whose=ofwhich/ofwhom①常见的关系代词①常见的关系代词指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格宾格所有格whowhichthatwhomWhosewhose关系代词选择三步骤：步骤一：确定先行词。步骤二：确定先行词成分：代入从句中。步骤三：确定关系代词。练习：1.Theman_______waspassingbysawwhathappened.2.Aclockisamachine_________tellspeoplethetime.3.Theman____________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.4.Thebook_________youjustlaidonthetopshelfismine.5.Ilikethosebooks______topicsareabouthistory.6.Theboy______fatherworksaboardismyclassmate.who/thatwhich/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/thatwhosewhose1．当先行词是1)指物的不定代词时(anything,everything,nothing,all，little等)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是2)序数词或形容词最高级时WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.3）既有人也有动物或者物体物时DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastnight?Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?只能用that的几种情况2．当先行词被1)不定代词修饰时（every,any,all,some,no,little,few等）I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.2）thevery,theonly,thelast,theright修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.3）序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.只能用that的几种情况3.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是代词one,those,theman以及人称代词时，或者是everyone(body),anyone(anybody),someone(somebody)等不定代词时，用who.Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.Themanwhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldcomeontime.不用that的几种情况2.介词后指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。1)TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.=TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.2)Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.1.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.2.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.3.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.4.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.5.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.6.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.7.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?whosewhichthatwho/thatwhich/thatthatthat②常见的关系副词指代对象先行词关系副词时间day,year,date,timewhen地点theplace,thecity,Beijingwhere原因thereasonwhyIshallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.=Ishallneverforgetthedaysduring/onwhichweworkedonthefarm.ThedaywhenImetthepopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.=ThedayonwhichImetthepopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.1.when的用法：在定语从句中作时间状语，往往代指时间。此时常可用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.＝Potatocanbegrowninplacesinwhichitistoocoldtogrowrice.Wedependonthelandwherewegetourfood.＝Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2.where的用法：在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点.此时常可用inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich等结构代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.3.why的用法：why在定语从句中作原因状语。可以用forwhich代替。Exercises1.Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3.Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4.Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?5.Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?6.Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?7.Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?onwhichduringwhichinwhichforwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhichExercises1.Thisisthetown__________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_________Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.Thisisthereason________hetoldme.Thereason_________heexplainedisnottr