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一、名词二、代词三、冠词四、动词五、动词的时态：1.一般现在时2.现在进行时3.一般将来时4.一般过去时六、介词七、数词八、形容词和副词九、therebe结构十、英语基本句型1.陈述句变否定句2.陈述句变疑问句3.特殊疑问句十一、单词分类一、名词名词具体名词抽象名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词复数形式的构成不规则名词的复数•由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)•有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加’schild-child’s以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加’swaitress-waitress’s不规则的复数人称名词末尾加’schildren-children’s以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加’girls-girls’以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加’sJames-James’s下列情况一般用“of”结构：•东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm•2.东西的一部分:thebottomofthebox•3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess•4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?双重’s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.Practise•peach_________2.zoo_________•3.glass_________4.fox_______•5.lady_________6.policewoman_________•7.house___________8.photo_________•9.monkey__________10.wife__________•11.rose____________12.path__________•13.judge___________14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps二、代词主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs第一人称第二人称第三人称后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语主格一般放在句前，宾格一般放在动词或者介词后面Practise•_______(他)ismybrother.•2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).•3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).•4.Today________(我们)wentin_________(我们的)car;tomorrow________(我们)aregoingin_________(他们的).•5.________(我)lend_________(我的)booksgladlyto_______(我的)friendsandto________(你的).•6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.•7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).•8.________(他们)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词三、冠词不定冠词的用法：•表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。•Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.•2.在某些度量表示法中：•WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.•3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。•Georgewantstobeanengineer.•4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!•5.一些常用短语中。•haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….定冠词的用法：•用来表示“独一无二”的意思。•Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.•2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。•Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.•3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。•theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril•4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。•Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。•bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?零冠词的用法：•泛指的抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.•2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.•3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.•4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.•5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.•6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.•7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.•8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.•9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball1.10.一些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight四、动词动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeenPractise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam动词的基本形式第三人称单数现在式动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。动词的过去式现在分词hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：•一般现在时：work/works•2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking•3.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork1.4.一般过去时：workedalwaysusuallyoftensometimesneverI/You/We/TheyHe/She/It+do(动词原形)+does(第三人称单数）1.+se.g.playsvisits2.+es(以o,ch,sh,s,x结尾）e.g.goeswatcheswasheskissesfixes3.以辅音字母+y结尾的去y变i+ese.g.fly----flies4.不规则变化e.g.have----hasnow/look/listenIWe/You/TheyHe/She/Itamareis+doing•+ing•e.g.doing2.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写最后一个字母+inge.g.swimmingrunninggetting3.以哑巴e结尾，要去e再+inge.g.write----writingtake----takingtomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow/nextweek/nextmonth/nextyear…..IWe/You/TheyHe/She/ItamareisgoingtodoI/We/You/They/He/She/It+willdoyesterday/thedaybeforeyesterday/threedaysago/onemonthago/lastyear/lastmonth/lastnight/yesterdayeveningI/We/You/TheyHe/She/It+did1.+ede.g.played2.以e结尾+de.g.danced3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写最后一个字母+ede.g.stopped4.以辅音字母+y结尾的将y变i+ede.g.fly----flied5.不规则e.g.do----didgo----wenttake----took•Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.•2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?•3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.•4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.•5._____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?•6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.•7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?•8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?•9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.•10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.•11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewash