烃的衍生物的化学方程式

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第1页烃的衍生物的化学方程式姓名班次一、溴乙烷与卤代烃1、溴乙烷与氢氧化钠水溶液共热:CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr2、溴甲烷与氢氧化钠水溶液共热CH3Br+NaOHCH3OH+NaBr3、溴丙烷与氢氧化钠水溶液共热:CH3CH2CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2CH2OH+NaBr4、2—溴丙烷与氢氧化钠水溶液共热:(CH3)2CHBr+NaOH(CH3)2CHOH+NaBr5、1,2—二溴乙烷与氢氧化钠水溶液共热:BrCH2CH2Br+2NaOHHOCH2CH2OH+2NaBr6、溴乙烷与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热:CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O7、1—溴丙烷与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热:CH3CH2CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O8、2—溴丁烷与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热:CH3CHBrCH2CH3+NaOHCH3CH2CH=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O9、2—溴丁烷与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热:CH3CHBrCH2CH3+NaOHCH3CH=CHCH3↑+NaBr+H2O10、2,3—二溴丁烷与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热:CH3CHBrCHBrCH3+2NaOHCH2=CH—CH=CH2+2NaBr+2H2O加热乙醇加热乙醇加热乙醇加热乙醇加热乙醇加热加热加热加热加热第2页二、乙醇与醇类1、乙醇与钠的反应:2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑2、甲醇与钠的反应:2CH3OH+2Na2CH3ONa+H2↑3、2—丙醇与钠的反应:2(CH3)2CHOH+2Na2(CH3)2CHONa+H2↑4、乙二醇与钠的反应:HOCH2CH2OH+2NaNaOCHCH2ONa+H2↑5、乙醇与钙的反应:2CH3CH2OH+Ca(CH3CH2O)2Ca+H2↑6、乙醇与溴化氢共热:CH3CH2OH+HBrCH3CH2Br+H2O7、甲醇与溴化氢共热:CH3OH+HBrCH3Br+H2O8、2—丙醇与溴化氢共热:(CH3)2CHOH+HBr(CH3)2CHBr+H2O9、乙二醇醇与溴化氢共热:HOCH2CH2OH+2HBrBrCH2CH2Br+2H2O10、乙醇分子间脱水:2CH3CH2OHCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O11、乙醇分子间脱水:2CH3OHCH3OCH3+H2O12、2—丙醇分子间脱水:2(CH3)2CHOH(CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2+H2O13、甲醇与乙醇分子间脱水:CH3CH2OH+CH3OHCH3OCH2CH3+H2O14、乙醇燃烧:CH3CH2OH+3O22CO2+3H2O15、乙醇使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色:5CH3CH2OH+4KMnO4+6H2SO45CH3COOH+2K2SO4+4MnSO4+11H2O16、用酸性重铬酸钾溶液检验酒后驾车:3CH3CH2OH+2K2Cr2O7+8H2SO43CH3COOH+2K2SO4+2Cr2(SO4)3+11H2O17、乙醇的催化氧化:2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O18、甲醇的催化氧化:2CH3OH+O22HCHO+2H2O19、2—丙醇的催化氧:2(CH3)2CHOH+O22CH3COCH3+2H2O加热催化剂加热催化剂加热催化剂点燃140℃浓硫酸140℃浓硫酸140℃浓硫酸140℃浓硫酸加热加热加热加热第3页20、乙二醇的催化氧化:HOCH2CH2OH+O2OHCCHO+2H2O21、乙醇与浓硫酸共热170℃:CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2↑+H2O22、丙醇与浓硫酸共热:CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH=CH2↑+H2O23、2—丙醇与浓硫酸共热:(CH3)2CHOHCH3CH=CH2↑+H2O24、1,4—丁二醇与浓硫酸共热:HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OHCH2=CH-CH=CH2↑+H2O25、乙醇与乙酸和浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O26、甲醇与乙酸和浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+CH3OHCH3COOCH3+H2O27、甲酸、乙醇与浓硫酸共热:HCOOH+CH3CH2OHHCOOCH2CH3+H2O28、乙酸、2—丙醇与浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+(CH3)2CHOHCH3COOCH(CH3)2+H2O29、乙二酸与足量的乙醇与浓硫酸共热:30、乙二醇与足量的乙酸和浓硫酸共热:31、乙二酸与乙二醇和浓硫酸共热:32、3—羟基丙酸与浓硫酸共热:HOCH2CH2COOH+H2O33、3—羟基丙酸与浓硫酸共热:34、1,4—丁二酸与乙二醇和浓硫酸共热:加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸170℃浓硫酸170℃浓硫酸170℃浓硫酸170℃浓硫酸加热催化剂COOHCOOH+2CH3CH2OHCOOCH2CH3COOCH2CH3浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCH2OHCH2OH+2CH3COOHCH2OOCCH3CH2OOCCH3浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCH2OHCH2OHCOOHCOOH浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCOOCH2COOCH2CH2—C=OCH2—OnHOCH2CH2COOHH[OCH2CH2CO]nOH+(n-1)H2O浓H2SO4加热nHOOCCH2CH2COOH+nHOCH2CH2OHHO[OCCH2CH2COOH+nHOCH2CH2O]nH+(2n-1)H2O浓H2SO4加热第4页三、苯酚与酚类1、苯酚燃烧:C6H6O+7O26CO2+3H2O2、苯酚与氢氧化钠溶液反应:C6H5OH+NaOHC6H5ONa+H2O3、苯酚钠溶液中通入二氧化碳气体:C6H5O-+CO2+H2O===C6H5OH+HCO3-4、苯酚钠溶液与氯化铝溶液混合:3C6H5O-+Al3++3H2O===3C6H5OH+Al(OH)3↓5、苯酚溶液中加入浓溴水:OHOHBr——Br+3Br2↓+3HBrBr6、苯酚溶液中加入氯化铁溶液6C6H5OH+FeCl3H3[Fe(C6H5O)6]+3HCl7、苯酚在一定条件下与氢气反应:—OH+3H2—OH8、酚醛树脂的制备:8、苯酚与乙醛的缩聚:加热催化剂点燃OH+nHCHO催化剂nOHCH2+nH2OCH3OH+nCH3CHO催化剂nOHCH+nH2O第5页四、乙醛与醛类1、乙醛的燃烧:2C2H4O+5O24CO2+4H2O2、丙醛的燃烧:C3H6O+4O23CO2+3H2O3、乙醛与溴水反应:CH3CHO+Br2+H2OCH3COOH+2HBr4、乙醛与银氨溶液反应:CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHCH3COONH4+H2O+2Ag+3NH3↑5、甲醛与少量的银氨溶液反应:HCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHHCOONH4+H2O+2Ag+3NH3↑6、甲醛与过量的银氨溶液反应:HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OHCO2↑+3H2O+4Ag+8NH3↑7、丙醛与银氨溶液反应:CH3CH2CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHCH3CH2COONH4+H2O+2Ag+3NH3↑8、乙二醛与银氨溶液反应:OHCCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHH4NOOC—COONH4+2H2O+4Ag+6NH3↑9、乙醛与新制的氢氧化铜反应:CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O10、甲醛与少量的新制的氢氧化铜反应:HCHO+2Cu(OH)2HCOOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O11、甲醛与过量的新制的氢氧化铜反应:HCHO+4Cu(OH)2CO2↑+2Cu2O↓+5H2O12、乙醛与新制的氢氧化铜反应:CH3CH2CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3CH2COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O13、乙二醛与新制的氢氧化铜反应:OHCCHO+4Cu(OH)2HOOC—COOH+2Cu2O↓+4H2O14、乙醛的催化氧化:2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH15、甲醛的催化氧化:HCHO+O22HCOOH16、丙醛的催化氧化:2CH3CH2CHO+O22CH3CH2COOH催化剂催化剂催化剂加热加热加热加热加热加热加热加热加热加热点燃点燃第6页17、乙二醛的催化氧化:OHCCHO+O2HOOC—COOH18、乙醛与氢气反应:CH3CHO+H2CH3CH2OH19、乙醛与氢气反应:HCHO+H2CH3OH20、丙醛与氢气反应:CH3CH2CHO+H2CH3CH2CH2OH21、乙二醛与氢气反应:OHC—CHO+2H2HOCH2CH2OH五、丙酮与酮类1、丙酮燃烧:C3H6O+4O23CO2+3H2O2、丙酮与氢气反应:CH3COCH3+H2(CH3)2CHOH点燃加热催化剂加热催化剂加热催化剂加热催化剂加热催化剂催化剂第7页六、乙酸、羧酸类1、乙酸与钠反应:2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑2、乙酸与氧化镁反应:2CH3COOH+MgO(CH3COO)2Mg+H2O3、乙酸与氢氧化钠反应:CH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O4、乙酸与碳酸钙反应:2CH3COOH+CaCO3(CH3COO)2Ca+CO2↑+H2O5、乙酸与碳酸氢钠反应:CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O6、乙酸与乙醇和浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O7、甲酸与乙醇和浓硫酸共热:HCOOH+CH3CH2OHHCOOCH2CH3+H2O8、乙酸和甲醇与浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+CH3OHCH3COOCH3+H2O9、乙酸与2—丙醇和浓硫酸共热:CH3COOH+(CH3)2CHOHCH3COOCH(CH3)2+H2O9、乙二酸与足量的乙醇与浓硫酸共热:10、乙二醇与足量的乙酸和浓硫酸共热:11、乙二酸与乙二醇和浓硫酸共热:12、对苯二甲酸与乙二醇的缩聚:13、1,6—己二酸与1,6—己二胺的缩聚:加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸加热浓硫酸COOHCOOH+2CH3CH2OHCOOCH2CH3COOCH2CH3浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCH2OHCH2OH+2CH3COOHCH2OOCCH3CH2OOCCH3浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCH2OHCH2OHCOOHCOOH浓H2SO4加热+2H2OCOOCH2COOCH2+催化剂nHOOC——COOH+nHOCH2CH2OH+(2n-1)H2OHO—OC——COOCH2CH2O—[]nHnHOOC(CH2)6COOH+nH2N(CH2)6NH2催化剂—OC(CH2)6CONH(CH2)6NH—+(2n-1)H2OHO[]nH第8页七、乙酸乙酯与酯类1、乙酸乙酯的燃烧:C4H8O2+5O24CO2+4H2O2、甲酸甲酯与银氨溶液反应:HCOOCH3+2[Ag(NH3)2]OHH4NOOC—COOCH3+H2O+2Ag+3NH3↑3、甲酸甲酯与新制的氢氧化铜反应:HCOOCH3+2Cu(OH)2HOOC—COOCH3+Cu2O↓+2H2O4、乙酸乙酯在酸性条件下的水解反应:CH3COOCH2CH3+H2OCH3COOH+CH3CH2OH5、甲酸甲酯在酸性条件下的水解反应:HCOOCH2CH3+H2OHCOOH+CH3CH2OH6、乙酸甲酯在酸性条件下的水解反应:CH3COOCH3+H2OCH3COOH+CH3OH7、丙酸乙酯在酸性条件下的水解反应:CH3CH2COOCH2CH3+H2OCH3CHCOOH+CH3CH2OH8、乙酸乙酯与氢氧化钠溶液共热:CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH9、甲酸乙酯与氢氧化钠溶液共热:HCOOCH2CH3+NaOHHCOONa+CH3CH2OH10、乙酸甲酯与氢氧化钠溶液共热:CH3COOCH3+NaOHCH3COONa+CH3OH11、丙酸乙酯与氢氧化钠溶液共热:CH3CH2COOCH2CH3+NaOHCH3CHCOONa+CH3CH2OH加热加热加热加热加热稀硫酸加热稀硫酸加热稀硫酸加热稀硫酸加热加热点燃第9页考点名称:有机物的推断(1)有机物推断的一般方法:①找已知条件最多的,信息量最大的。这些信息可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