华中科技大学博士学位论文魅力型领导对团队绩效影响机制研究姓名:张志杰申请学位级别:博士专业:行政管理指导教师:徐晓林;陈海春2011-05-18I摘要过去的20多年,大量的研究和理论关注魅力型领导,它已成为一种新的领导范式。魅力型领导主要是通过让下属意识到所承担任务的重要意义,从而激发下属的高层次需要,促使下属为了团队的利益而超越个人的利益,并产生超越期望的工作结果。魅力型领导之所以有助于团队工作效能的提升,乃在于魅力型领导者是一个下属遵循的模范、能以愿景激励下属的工作意愿、关心下属的个别需求、以及启发下属的思考能力。但是,以往有关魅力型领导大部分实证研究将检验重点放在个体层面的绩效和有效性上,忽略了在团体层面和组织层面的影响机制作用。本研究将魅力型领导理论与团队理论相结合,探寻在团体层面魅力型领导对团队绩效的影响机制,以揭示魅力型领导对绩效影响机制的“黑箱”。团队互动过程的团队凝聚力和组织公民行为已成为团队绩效提升的有效变量。因此,探索中国公共组织背景下团队凝聚力与组织公民行为的形成规律及魅力型领导对团队绩效的影响机制,对提高我国公共管理绩效具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文以我国公共组织的团队为研究对象,从理论上分析了团队凝聚力和组织公民行为对团队绩效的影响机理,并通过实证研究对构建的理论模型与假设进行了检验。同时,论证了政府、民众等外部环境因素对团队互动过程的影响,并基于上述结论,进一步提出了团队绩效的提升策略。主要创新内容如下:(1)提出了团队凝聚力与组织公民行为对团队绩效影响机制模型。基于激励理论、心理契约理论和归因理论,分别提出了团队凝聚力的形成与组织公民行为的形成模型,进一步揭示了团队凝聚力与组织公民行为对团队绩效的影响机理“黑箱”。(2)构建了环境因素对团队互动过程的影响模型。基于利益相关者理论,构建了政府、民众、媒介等利益团体对公共组织团队互动过程的影响因素模型,进一步揭示其作用机理,并提出了策略工具。(3)验证了魅力型领导、团队凝聚力、组织公民行为、团队绩效之间的关系。通过实地访谈与问卷调查,从中部地区的郑州、武汉等地获取有效问卷222份。以IISPSS17.0和AMOS7.0为统计分析工具,通过因子分析,信度分析和结构方程模型等分析方法对假设进行检验,结果发现:基于公共组织团队的魅力型领导结构包括领导魅力、激励关怀、愿景感召和道德垂范等四个维度,其中,只有愿景感召对团队绩效呈正相关关系;魅力型领导风格对团队绩效有正相关关系;团队凝聚力对魅力型领导风格与团队绩效之间关系起中介作用;组织公民行为对魅力型领导风格与团队绩效之间关系起中介作用;组织公民行为对团队凝聚力与团队绩效之间关系起中介作用。(4)提出了团队绩效提升的管理策略。针对公共组织管理的特点,本研究基于团队互依性理论,从团队的外部和内部两个方面的推进机制,从领导者道德、团队凝聚力、组织公民行为与冲突管理等方面提出增强团队成员之间、成员与团队之间的合作性和心理契约,昀后提出了提升团队绩效相应的管理策略。关键词:魅力型领导团队凝聚力组织公民行为团队绩效华中科技大学博士学位论文IIIAbstractVariousresearchesandtheorystudieshavefocusedonthecharismaticleadershipduringthepast20years,whichhasbeenanewnormalleadingform.Themainfunctionofcharismaticleadershipistohelpsubordinatesrealizethesignificanceoftheworkheisundertaking.Bydoingthis,thesubordinates’high-leveldesiresareinspired,promptingthemtoworkfortheteams’interestsratherthanpersonalintereststhatwillresultinthedistinguishedworkfruitsbeyondexpectation.Thereasonwhythecharismaticleadershipisusefultoimprovethetaskperformanceindepartmentsisthatcharismaticleaderisamodelforthesubordinates.Heencouragesthesubordinates’workdesireswithvision,takingcareofpersonnelneeds,andenlighteningtheelaborativefaculty.However,theexistingresearchesaboutcharismaticleadershippaidmoreattentiononindividualperformanceandeffectiveness,ignoringtheinfluencemechanismofteamandorganization.Thisstudycombinesthecharismaticleadershiptheorywithteamtheory,andseekstheinfluenceofcharismaticleadershiponteamperformanceintheteamlevel.Thegoalofthisstudyistoexplaintheinfluence“blackbox”ofcharismaticleadershiptoteamperformance.Theorganizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB)willbeadvancedinfinal.TeamcohesionintheprocessofteaminteractionandOCBalreadybecometheeffectivevariablestopromoteteamperformance.Therefore,itisofgreatsignificancetoexplorethelawofteamcohesionformationandtheinfluencemechanismofcharismaticleadershiptoteamperformanceinthepublicorganizationsinboththeoreticalandpracticalfields.Objectedbytheteaminthepublicorganizations,thisstudyfirstanalyzestheinfluencemechanismofteamcohesionandOCBtocharismaticleadershipandteamperformanceintheoreticalway,andthendemonstratesitempirically.Whatismore,thispaperprovestheinfluenceofenvironmentalfactorstoteaminteractionprocess,suchasgovernment,citizensandsoon.Giventheconclusionsdrawnabove,thestrategiesforstrengtheningteamperformanceareputforward.Themaininnovationsincludethepointsasfollows:(1)ThisstudyestablishestheinfluencemechanismmodelofteamcohesionandOCBtoteamperformance.Basedonthestimulationtheory,psychologicalcontractand华中科技大学博士学位论文IVcontributortheory,thisstudyfoundsthemodelsforformationofteamcohesionandOCB,andfurtherfoundstheinfluencemechanism.(2)Thisstudycreatestheinfluencemodelfortheenvironmentalfactorsonteaminteractionprocess.Basedonthestakeholdertheory,thisstudyfoundstheinfluencemodelthatcontainstheimpactofgovernment,citizensandintermediarytotheteaminteractionprocess.Theworkmechanismisdiscussedandstrategytoolsareprovided.(3)Thisstudydemonstratestherelationshipamongcharismaticleadership,teamcohesion,OCBandteamperformance.Byon-the-spotinterviewandquestionnaire,thisstudycollected222availablequestionnairesfromZhengzhou,Wuhan,ChangshaandothercitiesinmidlandChina.UsingSPSS17.0andAMOS7.0,thisstudymakesthefactoranalysis,reliabilityandvalidityanalysis,andestablishedthestructuralequationmodeling,gettingtheconclusionsasfollows:1)Thestructureofcharismaticleadershipinpublicorganizationscontainsleadercharisma,inspiration,visionarymotivationandmoralitymodel.Visionarymotivationistheonlyonethathaspositivecorrelationwithteamperformance.2)Charismaticleadershipstylehaspositivecorrelationwithteamperformance.3)Teamcohesionhasintermediaryeffecttocharismaticleadershipstyle.4)Organizationalcitizenshipbehaviorhasintermediaryeffecttocharismaticleadershipstyle.5)Teamcohesionhasintermediaryeffecttoorganizationalcitizenshipbehavior.(4)Thisstudyprovidesthemanagementstrategyforteamperformanceimprovement.Regardingthecharacteristicofpublicorganizationmanagement,thisstudyanalyzestheimprovementinexternalandinternalwayonaccountofintra-teaminterdependencetheory.Theleadersethics,teamcohesion,OCBandconflictmanagementaresignificantelementstoincreasetheco-operationandpsychologicalcontractamongteammembers.Infinal,