HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.:40-47ptSlidesubtitle:26-30ptColor::whiteCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:Arial2021/1/17IP路由基本原理ContentPageTitle35-40ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialContentPageText:28-30ptBulletslevel2-520-30ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialContents•IP路由的基本概念和选路原则HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page3学习完此课程,您将会:了解和掌握IP路由的基本概念影响IP路由选路的原则等价路由的概念链路聚合的概念和配置HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page4第1章IP路由的基本概念和原理第2章IP选路的基本原则和等价路由第3章路由协议HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page5理解route、routing、routerIP路由是基于目的地址查找IP路由表,找到报文转发的出接口以及对应的下一跳路由器,然后将报文转发给下一跳路由器,直到到达最终的目的地。这里的路由实际指单播路由,将报文逐跳逐跳送到目的地。当然每个转发报文的设备都需要决定是否进行转发、以及选择最近的路径到达目的地。在IP路由中,有几个概念十分重要:1、route:指目的地址,就是例子中的“最终目的地”。达到目的地址经过的设备上都需要知道该目的地址,即route。如果有多个目的地址,就有多个route。2、routing:指决定到达每个下一跳的最短路径和转发出接口,以及决策,即寻路和决策。在每台设备上都需要运行一些算法来实现routing,这些算法就是路由协议,路由协议有静态路由协议(需要人工配置),动态路由协议(设备根据一些规则自动找到最短的路径和转发出口)。3、router:指使用专门的存储介质保存这些route,并使用专用的操作系统来实现routing,并使用专门的通信芯片和硬件提供各种接口来转发报文的设备可以将IP路由想象成“开车去往某个地方”,需要经过很多关口,到达每个关口有几条路径可以选择;为了节省油钱,当然是选择最近的路径到达每个关口;出了每个关口之后,需要再次决定选择哪个路口达到另外一个关口,直到达到最终的目的地。HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page6路由通告和转发路由通告和转发是两个相反的过程。路由通告是指路由器将自己直连的网段通告给其它的路由器设备,是目的地址的发起者或者源。路由转发是指路由器根据目的地址将报文转发给发起者或者源。E0:IP3E0:IP4PC1:N1PC2:N2E1E1下面的例子来PC1访问PC2说明路由通告和转发的区别:RTARTB通告直连的网段N1N3接受网段N2,形成路由表DAOUTINTERFCENHN1E0IP3通告直连的网段N2DAOUTINTERFCENHN2E0IP4通告过程和路由表形成转发:PC1和PC2相互访问过程PC1访问PC2,RTA查找路由表N2找到出接口和下一跳PC2访问PC1,RTA查找路由表N1找到出接口和下一跳接受网段N1,形成路由表路由器的路由的过程:通告直连的网段-路由表形成-转发HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page7路由器的硬件架构网络接口网络接口网络接口CPU网络接口CPU网络接口网络接口CPU接口CPU接口CPU接口CPU接口ASIC交换网接口ASICASIC接口ASIC接口CPU接口NP交换网接口NPNP接口NP接口CPU第一代第二代第三代第四代第五代基于NP的交换式路由器基于ASIC的交换式路由器基于分布式CPU转发总线式路由器模块化集中转发路由器固定接口集中转发路由器HUAWEITECHNOLOGIESCO.,LTD.HuaweiConfidentialSlidetitle:32-35ptColor:R153G0B0CorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialSlidetext:20-22ptBulletslevel2-5:18ptColor:BlackCorporateFont:FrutigerNextLTMediumFonttobeusedbycustomersandpartners:ArialThefollowingninegroupsofcolorsareanexampleofhowourdesigncolorscanbeused,pleasetakenotethatyoushouldonlyuseonedesigncolorgroupperslide.Forspecificusagedetails,refertothe“TypesettingStandard”.Toprightcornerforfield-mark,customerorpartnerlogotypes.----------------Page8华为路由器介绍QuidwayR3680E/3640E核心路由器/通用交换路由器中低端路由器QuidwayR2630E/2631E/2620/2621QuidwayR1760Quidw