英国文学作家作品总结

一、GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.作品：①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德③TheHouseofFame声誉之堂④ThebookoftheDuchess公爵夫人之书⑤TheParliamentofFowls百鸟议会二、WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616playwright,poet评价comments：WidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinEnglishliterature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（BenJohnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.）作品：①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154TheSonnetsThreequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg三、FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Bacon’squote1、knowledgeispower知识就是力量。2、Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。3、Naturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。4、Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。评价thefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy.ThefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.arepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance.awell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.Bacon’sworksestablishandpopularizeaninductivemethodologyforscientificinquiry,oftencalledtheBaconianmethod.Induction（归纳法）impliesdrawingknowledgefromthenaturalworldthroughexperimentation,observation,andtestingofhypotheses.（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.作品：①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。②Essays随笔③newinstrument新工具，阐述了归纳法④newAtlantis新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品十七世纪英国诗人JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(17世纪玄学派诗人)Englishpoet,preacherHewasthemostoutstandingoftheEnglishMetaphysicalPoets作品：SongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》TheFlea《跳蚤》TheGood-Morrow《早安》BreakofDay《破晓》Epithalamions,ormarriagesongs《颂歌》Elegies《挽歌》OnHisMistressToHisMistressGoingtobedDivinepoems《圣歌》HolySonnets《神圣十四行诗》AttheRoundEarth’sImaginedCorner,BelowDeathBeNotProudArtisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674JohnMiltonwasanEnglishpoet,政论家，polemicist(辩论家）HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichisconsideredasthegreatestEnglishliteraryepic.评价：WilliamHayley's1796biographycalledhimthegreatestEnglishauthor.HeremainsgenerallyregardedasoneofthepreeminentwritersintheEnglishlanguageandasathinkerofworldimportance.写作的3个主题:ChurchgovernmentDivorceRepublicanism作品：1637：Lycidas《利西达斯》1650：Areopagitica《为英国人民声辩》1667:ParadiseLost《失乐园》是无韵体1671:ParadiseRegained《复乐园》1671:SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.冒险小说作家DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。HestartedTheReview,apoliticalandliterarymagazineinprison.1704年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。评价：Heiscalled“TheFatheroftheEnglishfiction”（英国小说之父）考，填空Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.作品：①TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记ItpraisesthefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.②CaptainSingleton《辛格顿船长》③MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》④AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年日记》⑤Roxana《罗克萨娜》JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。作品：ATaleofaTub《一只桶的故事》ThebattleoftheBooks《书籍之战》TheDrapier’sLetter《布商来信》AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》Gulliver‘sTravels《格列佛游记》Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛浪漫主义诗人一WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827PoetandPainterEngraverDevelopedownmythology/religionFirstmajor“Romantic”poet英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。Featuresofhispoems•1.useofsimplelanguage•2.serious,somberthemes•3.lyricalbeauty•4.symbolism•5.mysticism常出现的主题：Good&evilHeaven&hellKnowledge&innocenceExternalreality&inner作品：①PoeticalSketches诗的素描②SongsofInnocence天真之歌ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.Include:TheChimneySweeperLambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity③TheBookofThel塞尔书④TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂和地狱的结合⑤SongsofExperience经验之歌awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:TheChimneySweeper、London、TheTygerTyge