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1成分不定式动名词否定式：not+动名词现在分词过去分词主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Seeingisbelieving[一般式]Readingaloudisveryhelpful.Collectingstampsisinteresting.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It’snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的XXX不做主语XXX不做主语主语区别：1.不定式多表具体的动作，尤其某一次的动作。动名词多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常的行为：Playingwithfireisdangerous[泛指玩火]Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.[玩火会发生危险]2.下列句型常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/good.Itisworth+doing3.”Wh-+to不定式可作主语”Whentoleavehasn’tbeendecidedyet.宾语todo一般式IliketoreadEnglish.tobedoing进行式Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.tohavedone.完成式Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.tobedone被动式Theworkistobedonesoon.tohavebeendone完成被动式TheboyissaidtohavebeensenttoBeijingyesterday.一般Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.我已经读完这本小说。完成Irememberedhavingseenthefilm.我记得已经看过这部电影。完成被动HeforgothavingbeentakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild.他忘了他小时候被带去北京。Weallenjoylisteningtomusic.(同时发生)Doyouremembermeetingmethere?（先谓语动词发生）完成式先于谓语动词之前完成：IregretnothavingbeentakentoBeijingwhenIwasachild.我现在很遗憾小时候没有被带去北京。****只跟动名词作宾语enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid，excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit，deny,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent/keep/stop/keep...(from),protect...from,setabout,beengagedin,spend...(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payatXXX不做宾语XXX不做宾语2成分不定式动名词否定式：not+动名词现在分词过去分词宾补Hetoldmetobehereontime.****后接不定式作宾补的动词&词组：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,think,waitfor,callon,dependon等Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuch.XXX不做宾补Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.我听见他正在班里唱歌。Ifoundthehillcoveredwithsnow.我发现小山被雪覆盖。表语Mywishistobecomeateacher.我想成为一名老师。Herjobistocleanthehall。我的任务是打扫大厅。MyjobislookingafterchildrenIntheantcity,thequeen’sjobislayingeggsThenewshetoldusisexciting.他告诉我们的消息令人激动。Iamexcitedatthenews.我对这个消息很激动。Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了。区别：不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，不定式和动名词二者区别：不定式作表语强调的是一次性，将要发生的动作。动名词作表语强调的是一般性抽象的，经常发生的动作。Hisjobistopaintthewall.他的工作是粉刷这些墙。【一次的具体的，目前要做的，并非是他的日常工作】Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙体[这是他的日常工作]现在分词表主语特征，过去分词表主语状态。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.[主语和表语是相等的]Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.[主语和表语是相等的]Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.【现在分词表特征】Thebeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.【过去分词表状态】定语Tobedone[表被动，将来]Done表被动，完成Beingdone[表被动正在进行]1.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.2.thecartobeboughtisforme.3.Heisthebestmantodothejob.Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.Hecan’twalkwithoutawalkingstickV+ing主动关系Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.[主动,表特征]V+ed被动且完成HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?Being+Ved被动进行]Thisnewhousebeingbuiltisourhome.Havingbeendone不能作定语2.boiledwater[白开水，表完成]3.Ourclasswentonanorganizedtrip4.Thoseelectedmemberswillattend3成分不定式动名词否定式：not+动名词现在分词过去分词其它复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.同位语1.Thecave,hishidingplaceissecret.2.Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.[同位语]独立成分Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来,女孩子更细心。独立主格Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.Timepermitting有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.