`毕业设计说明书题目:锦纶6聚合切片生产工艺设计所属系、部:材料与环保学院年级、专业:高分子材料加工技术姓名:学号:指导教师:完成时间:[摘要]锦纶-6是合成纤维的第二大化纤,所以不管是在民用还是在工业用上都占着具足轻重的地位。生产锦纶-6的工厂有很多家,所以锦纶-6切片生产工艺是我们作为一个学习化纤工艺的学生必须要研究的课题,本设计使用己内酰胺为原料,采用瑞士伊文达的连续聚合技术(加压预聚合+常压聚合)。利用瑞士进口的聚合VK管,前聚主要是开环和加成反应,后聚主要是部分加成和缩聚反应,前聚吸热反应采用气相联苯加热,后聚放热反应采用液相联苯带走热量。前聚合器可以使单体在过量水分和加热下生成足够多的带氨基和羧基的活性分子,增加在后聚合器的聚合速度,尽量提高单体在前聚合器的转化率,转化率越高,则切片中单体含量越少。采用热水连续萃取工艺,即切片从萃取塔上部进人,由上至下运动,热水由萃取塔底部进入,由下至上与切片逆向运动,萃取掉PA6切片中的单体和低聚物,使切片中可萃取物含量的百分比低于0.5(高速纺)。切片使用热氮气循环干燥,干燥设备基本分为干燥塔和切片冷却器,干燥介质为纯热氮气。本设计的重点在于切片工艺流程说明、工艺原理及参数确定和工艺设备说明,附带介绍原材料的来源和规格和成品质量指标。SummaryPolyamidefibre-6isthirdbigchemicalfiberofdiamars,thereforedisregardingthepositionbeingdegreeofseriousnessincivilitismoreenoughtobetakingupanutensilontheindustrial.6'sfactoriesproducingpolyamidefibreatpresent-havemanyfamilies,thereforepolyamidefibre-6sectionproductivetechnologiesareproblemwemustneedtostudyasbeingastudentwhostudiesthechemicalfiberhandicraft's.Selfown'slactamdesigningusageoriginallyisrawmaterial,thecontinuouspolymerizationtechnology(compressionadopttheGermanyZimmercompanygetstogether+inadvanceordinarypressuregetstogether).UsetwopolymerizationVKtubesthatGermanyentrance,gettingtogetherinthefrontisaringopeningandadditionreactionmainly,thatthequeengetstogetherispartadditionandcondensationpolymerizationreactionmainly,gatherendothermicreactioninthefrontadoptthegasappearancebiphenyltoheat,thequeengathersexothermicreactionadoptliquidtolookatandappraiseabiphenyltakingawayquantityofheat.Formerpolymerizationimplementcanmakeamonomergeneratetheactivitymoleculebeingenoughtobringamidocyanogenandthecarboxylalongmuchlyunderbellyfulmoisturecontentandwarm-up,increaseretropolymerizationimplementpolymerizationspeed,conversionrate,conversionratetryingone'sbesttoraiseamonomerbeforepolymerizationimplementaregettingfewerashigh,castingthentotakesectiontobehitbymonomercontentsmore.Adopthotwatertocontinueextractingahandicraft,namelysectionenterspersonfromextractiontowerupperpart,hotwaterentersfromgoingaheadtoissuingsport,fromtheextractiontowerbottom,extractingawaymonomerinPA6sectionandgatheringathinglowfromtimeofthehighestandreversemotionofsection,makestheweightpercentagemayextractthingcontentsinsectionbelowerthan0.5(highspeedspins).Hotsectionusagenitrogengascirculationisdry,dryingequipmentdividesthedryingtowerandthesectionchillerbasically,dryingmediumishotnitrogengasofhigh-purity.Theprioritydesigningthatoriginallydependsonthesectionprocessflowexplainsthat,handicraftprincipleandtheparameterascertainthatpreparinghandicraftequipmentexplanation,qualityindexintroducingthattherawmaterialsourcepreparesspecificationandthefinishedproductinpassing.目录第一章:总论1.1设计任务和内容··········································1.2产品的介绍及生产方法·································1.3PA6生产特征···············································第二章:工艺流程2.1概述·························································2.2原材料消耗及规格·······································2.3原料储存及运输··········································2.4工艺流程及控制··········································2.5设备一览表················································2.6原料半成品、成品的化验、检验·····················第三章:纯化系统3.1前言·························································3.2反应原理···················································3.3操作步骤···················································3.4化验数据测试·············································3.5回收(三效蒸发)·······································3.6超比例回收················································附录:主要参考文献.............................第一章总论一:设计内容和任务针对一座新建的390吨/天锦纶-6切片聚合项目,要求根据对生产能力、生产方案和工艺流程对此项目彻底的了解和学习,把以前在学校学习的高分子材料生产技术基本知识运用在实际生产上面,再熟悉锦纶-6切片聚合主要工艺参数时进一步学习锦纶-6切片聚合工艺,最终完成初步设计说明书和设计工艺流程图。己内酰胺聚合及回收工艺流程:聚合工艺流程:熔融→助剂调配→聚合→切粒→萃取→干燥→切片冷凝→打包回收工艺流程:纯化→三效蒸发→低元体分离→解聚→预除水→连续精馏→薄膜蒸发器→排渣二:产品介绍及生产方法(一)产品介绍长乐恒申合纤科技有限公司日产390吨锦纶切片聚合工程聚合生产切片如下:1、2线-----140t3、4线-----110t5、6线-----140t(二)生产方法概述随着新技术的发展,PA6生产装置(包括切片萃取、干燥和废料回收)已进入大型化、连续化,自动化的高科技之列。PA6聚合技术有代表性的公司有德国Zimmer公司,KartFischer公司,Didier公司,Aqufil公司,瑞士Inventa公司,意大利Noy公司,以及日本东丽、龙尼吉卡公司等。1.原料配制原料己内酰胺经熔融后进入液态原料中间罐。添加剂(主要成分醋酸)加入到已有除盐水和己内酰胺混合液的混合罐中,经搅拌至完全溶解,经化验合格后送入添加剂储罐。消光剂二氧化钛加入装有己内酰胺水溶液的制备罐中,搅拌混合均匀成浆料,送到分离器中分离,粗颗粒经研磨后回用,细颗粒送到稀释罐中加入脱盐水调配得到二氧化钛悬浮液,送储罐备用。2.连续聚合反应由泵控制液态单体到预聚釜,必要的添加剂通过计量泵根据生产配方按比例与新鲜单体混合。在进入预聚釜前,利用来自聚合单元的联苯蒸汽预热己内酰胺混合物。预聚釜顶部为一带有不锈钢环的填料塔,将多余的水分蒸发,带走的己内酰胺在填料塔被洗出,剩余的水蒸汽被冷凝,产生冷凝水,送入萃取水蒸发系统回收己内酰胺。从预聚釜出来的聚合物通过齿轮泵送入VK管。VK管反应器中、下部是带有冷却夹套,提供缓和的熔体冷却,以达到较高的转化率。处于平衡的熔体由齿轮泵连续输出。为保证较高的熔体质量,原熔体经由连续过滤器过滤后才送到切粒段,反应器和熔体管道加热由联苯蒸汽提供。本厂采用Inventa路线。表25种聚合方法的工艺比较见表公司DidierInventaZimmerKarlFischerNOY聚合方法常压连续法二段法间歇式高压釜法固相后缩聚法多段连续聚合工艺特点1个聚合管,常压操作DCS控制,生产高粘度2.7,聚合时间:20-22h,回收系统采用三效蒸发提浓,适应生产民用丝。2个聚合管,加压与减压操作,DCS控制,生产最高粘度3.5,聚合时间:13-14h,回收系统采用二效蒸发,聚合分子量均匀,适应生产工业用丝。工艺灵活,便于更换产品,可生产PA6和PA66,缺点:已内酰胺损耗比连续生产法高1.5%左右,自动化程度低,适应生产小批量、多品种工程塑料级切片。必须用高纯N2,粘度可从2.5增到4以上,工艺要求,设备造价高。适应生产薄膜、塑料级高粘度切片。聚合时间短,聚合物粘度高,工艺独特,缺点:设备复杂,建设费用高,生产成本高,检修期长,影响推广应用。3.切片生产从VK管排出的聚合物熔体从铸带的孔压出,经切粒机切粒,切片和水的混合物送入超长分离器,这里液体被分离并送回到接收罐,切片直接送萃取单元。冷却水过滤调节温度后送回切粒单元。该工序用水全部循环使用,一部分冷却水用新鲜除盐水补充。圆柱型切片就在切粒机后形成。本系统通过冷冻水对脱盐水降温后实施冷却。4.连续萃取未反应的己内酰胺和低聚物等副产品通过热水萃取去