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声光显示智力竞赛抢答器目录第1章绪论·················································································21．1前言······················································································31．2单片机的基础知识··································································41．2．1单片机的介绍···································································41．2．2单片机的历史···································································51．2．3单片机的应用领域·····························································61．2．4单片机的种类···································································7第2章设计步骤···········································································82．1设计要求··············································································82．2抢答器的硬件系统设计····························································82．2．1系统整体方案设计·························································82．2．2系统硬件组成·······························································92.3抢答器的软件系统设计·····························································92．3．1数码显示软件设计·························································92．3．2音频输出软件设计·························································2．4．抢答器的电路原理图设计·······················································2．4．1电源电路设计·······························································2．4．2复位电路设计·······························································2．4．3时钟电路设计·······························································2．4．4输入模块电路设计·························································2．4．5显示模块电路设计·························································第3章电路的安装与PCB图···························································3．1电路的安装···········································································3．2八人智力抢答器电路PCB图·····················································第4章主要技术指标的测量··························································4．1电源电压的测量·····································································4．2键功能的测试········································································4．3减数功能的测试和校准····························································第5章基本电子电工技术·······························································5．1电路的测试和分析··································································5．2电路前的调试·········································································第6章元件清单··········································································第7章八人智力抢答器电路图·························································结论····························································································参考文献······················································································鸣谢····························································································摘要本文论述了由单片机AT89C51构成的具有声光提示功能的八路抢答器，能够显示最先抢答到的号数，并能实现倒计时和时间不够时的报警功能。文中详细论述了该电路硬件部分的构成及软件部分汇编程序的编写，以实现目标性能。此抢答器电路设计原理简单、功耗低、稳定性好、反应速度快和安装方便。此抢答器所需的硬件只是一块AT89C51芯片、数码管和按键等，成本比较低，适用于许多场合。关键词：抢答器，AT89C51，程序控制AbstractThisprovidesanapproachtodesignacircuitwhichownsthefunctionofansweringquestionsactively,displayingthenumberofthepersonwhoanswersfirstlyandbeingabletocountdownandalarmwhenthetimeforansweringquestionsisalmostup.Thisdesignofthiscircuitisverysimpleandconsumeslittlepower.Butyet,itisverystable,responsesquicklyandinstalledeasily.ThedesignisneedonlyapieceofAT89C51chips,digitaltubes,buttonsandsoon,whichcostverylittleandcanbeappliedinmanycircumstances.Keywords:Answerdevices，AT89C51，Procedurescontrol第一章绪论1．1前言随着现代电子电路的快速发展，以及电子行业对现有电子工程技术的不断需求，特别是对实际操作实践的电子人才的需求越来越多，所以加强学生动手能力﹑重视实践应该是电子发展需求的必然趋向。实践动手能力的培养是一种综合能力，这种能力当然是在一定难度的前提下完成的，通过一定数量的实践才能逐步形成的。因此在培养实践能力的同时，要通过实践来不断的发现问题和解决问题的途径和方法，从而提高实践能力。近年来，随着单片机档次的不断提高，功能的不断完善，其应用日趋成熟、应用领域日趋扩大，特别是工业测控、尖端武器和日用家电等领域更是因为有了单片机而生辉增色。单片机应用技术已成为一项新的工程应用技术。本次实习设计的题目为基于单片机的抢答器。1．2单片机的基础知识单片机是一种集成的电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计时器等功能（可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路）集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的计算机系统。1．2．1单片机的介绍单片机被称为微控制器（Microcontroller），是因为它最早被用在工业控制领域。单片机由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对体积要求严格的控制设备当中。单片机也称单片微控制器,它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片,而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。相当于一个微型的计算机，和计算机相比，单片机只缺少了I/O设备。概括的讲：一块芯片就成了一台计算机。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。1．2．2单片机的历史单片机诞生于20世纪70年代末，经历了SCM、MCU、SoC三大阶段。1.SCM即单片微型计算机（SingleChipMicrocomputer）阶段，主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。“创新模式”获得成功，奠定了SCM与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。在开创嵌入式系统独立发展道路上，Intel公司功不可没。2.MCU即微控制器（MicroControllerUnit）阶段，主要的技术发展方向是：不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时，对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路，突显其对象的智能化控制能力。它所涉及的领域都与对象系统相关，因此，发展MCU的重任不可避免地落在电气、电子技术厂家。从这一角度来看，Intel逐渐淡出MCU的发展也有其客观因素。在发展MCU方面，最著名的厂家当数Philips公司。Philips公司以其在嵌入式应用方面的巨大优势，将MCS-51从单片微型计算机迅速发展到微控制器。因此，当我们回顾嵌入式系统发展道路时，不要忘记Intel和Philips的历史功绩。3.单片机是嵌入式系统的独立发展之路，向MCU阶段发展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决；因此，专用单片机的发展自然形成了SoC化趋势。随着微电子技术、IC设计、EDA工具的发展，基于SoC的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。因此，对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。1.2.3单片机的应用领域目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹。导弹的导航装置，飞机上各种仪表的控制，计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处