中国电信业改革历程及效率评价

257Vol.25No.7Statistics&InformationForum20107Jul.,2010:2010-03-22:(70672109);(2008KR66);(ZL2009-39);SCP(ZL2010-10):(1972-),,,,,:!∀中国电信业改革历程及效率评价张超,张权,张鸿(,710061):1993#2008,DEA:,;,,;,,,,2008,:;;DEA;:F014.35:A:1007-3116(2010)07-0086-06一引言,,,,?,Lien,D.PengDEACCRVCR,OECD()24,[1]BernardoChaoChungKangDEA,[2-3]DEA,,[4-6],[7],,,:,,;,,,;,,,,;,,;,,二中国电信业改革历程,,1[8]861()1993,,,###1994,19941998[9],;,,,,()1999#2001,1982∃,%&,,,,∋()2002#2007,,AT&T(,,10(),21(),,,[10],%4+2&,4()(),,1,IP,,IP,87,,:∃∋(,%&,(Duopoly)AT&T,,,,,,1%4+2&IP))))))))))))))))))))))()2008524,,2:,;3G,220083G++TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA+:3.866(GSM):21():4()+(CDMA)+CDMA+:4192.6(CDMA)CDMA2000:2.26:3817:5400(-CDMA)++WCDMAWCDMA+:1.20564(GSM):1.1878,2868:2266:2400三研究方法与数据指标选择()1.DEA-CRS模型DEA-CRS(DataEnvelopmentAnalysis-ConstantReturnstoScale,-),()(),DEA-CRS,:K(%&#DecisionMakingUnits,DMU)DMUk(1∗k∗K)N,M,DMUkxj=(x1j,x2j,+,xNj)T0,j=1,+,K,yj=(y1j,y2j,+,yMj)T0,j=1,+,K,xij=DMU-jxJ,yrj=DMU-jyJDMU-j0x0=xj0,y0=yj0,1∗j0∗KDMU-j0DEA:s.t.max,Mr=1vryr0/,Ni=1uixi0=VP,Mr=1vryrj/,Ni=1uixij∗1(j=1,2,+,K)v=(v1,v2,+,vN)T−0u=(u1,u2,+,um)T−0(1)vuNM,Charnes-Cooper,,2:mins.t.,Ki=1ixi+s-=x0,Ki=1iyi-s+=y0i−0,i=1,2,+,ks-−0,s+−0(2),,s+,s-,DMUk,88,DEA-CRS0,0j,j=1,2,+,n,[8]:(1)0=1,s-0=0,s+0=0,DMU-j0;(2)0=1,s-0s+0,DMU-j0;(3)01,DMU-j02.DEA-VRS模型DEA-CRS,:,j=1,DEA-VRS(DataEnvelopmentAnalysis-VariableReturnstoScale,-),BCCDEA-CRS,mins.t.,Ki=1ixi+s-=x0,Ki=1iyi-s+=y0,Ki=1i=1i−0,i=1,2,+,Ks-−0,s+−0(3),,s+,s-,DMUkDEA-VRS0,0j,j=1,2,+,n,:0=1,s-0=0,s+0=0,DMU-j0;01,DMU-j03.综合规模技术效率的分解CRS,(,1),VRS,2,CRS,A,A,(4),STECRSA(4),PTEVRSSEA,012STEA,CRS=BCBA(4)PTEA,VRS=BDBA(5)SEA=BCBD(6)STEA,CRS=BCBA=BDBA.BCBD=PTEA,VRS.SEA(7)2[3],VRSGEEF,GE,%&,,;EF,%&,,;E,,VRS[11]:(1),kj=10j=1,;(2),kj=10j1,;(3),kj=10j1,()∃1998#2007,DEA,1.投入数据指标选择,;;89,,:∃(1998-2007)(1998-2008)(2007-2008)2.产出数据指标选择,,,;;,,,,,四中国电信业改革效率评价,DEAP2.0,1998#2007,3()19981994#1998,,,,,,319981.0001.0001.000#19990.9611.0000.961irs20000.7701.0000.770irs20010.8810.9820.897irs20021.0001.0001.000#20030.8320.8830.942irs20040.8600.9390.915irs20050.9080.9920.915irs20060.9330.9700.961irs20071.0001.0001.000#0.9140.9770.936()1999#2001,,,,19992000,0.994,,1999#20010.9610.7700.897,0.876,2000,,(15%),,,,,,()2002#2007,0.922,0.871,0.08,0956,0.03,0.964,,,,,,,,,,,,2002,,,,,,,,五结论及政策建议,90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]LienD,PengYan.CompetitionandproductionefficiencytelecommunicationsinOECDcountries[J].InformationEconomicsandPolicy,2001,13(6):51-76.[2]BernardoB,D/SouzaJ,FantiniM,MegginsonWL.Privatizationandthesourcesofperformanceimprovementintheglobaltelecommunicationsindustry[J].TelecommunicationsPolicy,2002,26(516):243-268.[3]KangChao#Chung.Aanlyzingforproductionefficiencyintelecommunicationsindustry:theTaiwancase[J].TheBusinessReview,Cambridge,2006,5(1):111-120.[4],,,.[J].:,2007(6):81-84.[5].[J].,2008(6):66-76.[6],.Malmquist[J].,2008,22(4):54-57.[7],.[J].,2008(4):52-55.[8],.[M].:,2003:213-219.[9].:[J].,2001(6):81-90.[10],.[J].:,2008,10(2):4-10.[11]TimCoelli.AguidetoDEAPversion2.1:adataenvelopmentanalysis(computer)program[EB/OL].(2008-03-28)[2009-01-02].(SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,Xi'anUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications,Xi/an710061,China)Abstract:From1993to2008,China'stelecomindustryreformhasundergonefourstages.ThisarticleutilizestheefficiencyevaluationmethodofDEAtoevaluatethefirstthreestagesandtheresultshowsthat:inthestageofmarketcompetitionintroduction,marketcompetition'sintroductionplaysanimportantroleinpromotingtheoverallefficiencyoftelecommunications;inthestageofdualoligopolycompetition,thelowefficiencyofChina'stelecommunicationsindustrywasmainlyduetothelowerscaleefficiency,whilethepuretechnicalefficiencyisrelativelyhigh;inthecomparativecompetitivestage,scaleefficiencyoftelecommunicationsindustryhasbeenimproved,whilethepuretechnicalefficiencyhasdeclined,andthewholeefficiencywassignificantlyhigherthanthepreviousstage.Finally,basedontheaboveanalysisandinviewofthetelecommunicationsindustryreformin2008thisarticleproposedthreesuggestionsforthetelecommunicationsreform:realizethefull-servicecompetitionofthetelecommunicationoperators,speeduptheestablishmentofanewmechanismforuniversalserveaswellastoliberatetherestrictionsontheprivatecapitaltoenterthetelecomindustry.Keywords:telecommunicationsindustry;processofreform;DEA;efficiencyevaluation(:)91,,: