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水圈hydrosphere小气候microclimate水体waterbody副热带（亚热带）subtropiczone水科学waterscience比湿specifichumidity水文学hydrology蒲福风级Beaufortwindscale陆地水文学landhydrology霜点frostpoint应用水文学appliedhydrology霜冻frostbite工程水文学engineeringhydrology无霜期frost－freeperiod水汽watervapour流域watershed(basin)水文要素hydrologicelements闭合流域enclosedbasin积雪snowcover不闭合流域non－enclosedbasin终雪latestsnow闭流区（内流区）blingdrainagearea融雪snowmelt分水线（分水岭）divide冰雹hail流域几何特征basingeometriccharacteristics截留interception河道复流（河道再生）resurgence填洼depressiondetention常年河perennialstream地面滞留surfacedetention间歇河intermittentstream陆面蒸发evaporationofland悬河（地上河）elevatedstream水面蒸发evaporationofwatersurface夺流河（断头河）capturedriver土壤蒸发evaporationfromsoil盈水河gainingstream散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration亏水河losingstream蒸发能力evaporationcapability暴洪河流flashystream下渗（入渗）infiltration界河boundaryriver稳渗steadyinfiltration废河道（古河道）deadriver下渗能力infiltrationcapability凹岸concavebank河川径流riverrunoff凸岸convexbank降雨径流rainfallrunoff岸壁landwall暴雨径流stormrunoff水边线（岸线）waterline融雪径流snowmeltrunoff堤防levee枯季径流dryseasonrunoff河长riverlength基流baseflow河弯riverbend阴塞高压blockinghigh弯曲率tortuosity低空急流low－leveljet航道navigablechannel低涡vortex河段reach反气旋（高压）anticyclone潜洲submergedbar气旋（低压）cyclone水利学hydraulics热带气旋tropiccyclone明渠水力学openchannelhydraulics热带低压tropicdepression水静力学hydrostatics热带风暴tropicstorm水动力学hydrodynamics强热带风暴severetropicstorm明渠水流openchannelflow气团airmass恒定流steadyflow锋（锋面）front非恒定流unsteadyflow气象meteorology均匀流（等速流）uniformflow气候区划climaticregionalization非均匀流（变速流）non－uniformflow气候带climaticzone急流supercriticalflow缓流subcriticalflow平封flatfreeze－up异重流densitycurrent立封uprightfreeze－up临界流criticalflow冰盖icecover临界水深criticaldepth连底冻groundedicecover临界流速criticalvelocity冰丘icemound临界流量criticaldischarge封冻冰缘iceedgeoffreeze－up水头head清沟lead位置水头（位能）elevationhead初生清沟primarylead低强水头（压能）pressurehead再生清沟secondarylead流速水头（动能）velocityhead冰花路毡sludgeroadfelt雷诺数Reymoldnumber冰上覆雪snowcoveroverice韦伯数Webernumber冰脊iceridge水力因素hydraulicfactor冰缝crack湿周wettedperimeter悬冰suspendedicecover水力半径hydraulicradius冰堆icepack宽深比width－depthratio冰塞icejam落差fall冰上结冰aufeis驻波standingwave解冻期break－upperiod移动波translationwave冰变色colorchangeoficecover河流动力学riverdynamics冰上有水accumulationofmeltwater山洪侵蚀torrentialerosion月中天lunartransit流域产沙量watershedsedimentyield引潮力tidalgenerationforce溶解性总固体totaldissolvedsolids天文潮astronomictide离子含量ionconcentration气象潮metorologictide离子总量totalionconcentration潮汐周期tidalcycle离子流量iondischarge半日潮semidiurnaltide矿化度mineralcontent全日潮diurnaltide盐度salinity混合潮mixedtide碱度alkalinity大潮springtide酸度acidity小潮neaptide电导率electricconductivity中潮moderatetide混浊度（浊度）turbidity太阴月lunarday总需氧量totaloxygendemand潮期durationoftide溶解氧dissolvedoxygen涨潮历时durationoftidalrise需氧量oxygendemand落潮历时durationoftidalfall生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand潮流tidalcurrent滑雪需氧量chemicaloxygendemand涨潮流floodtidalcurrent硬度hardness落潮流ebbtidalcurrent非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate憩流slacktidehardness潮流速tidalvelocity浮冰floatingice往复流reversingcurrent锚冰anchorice旋转流rotarycurrent封冻期freeze－upperiod潮流期durationoftidalcurrent封冻（封河）freeze－up涨潮流历时durationoffloodcurrent地下水流速velocityofgroundwaterflow侧向补给lateralrecharge地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）越流补给leakagerechargehydraulicgradientofgroundwater灌溉补给系数irrigationrechargecoefficient地下水等水位线图water－tablecontourmapofgroundwater含水层aquifer潜水蒸发phreaticwaterevaporation含水岩系water－contentrockseries潜水蒸发临界深度criticaldepthofphreatic含水岩组water－contentrockformationwaterevaporation含水岩性water－contentrockproperty潜水溢出量phreaticwateroverflowtosurface含水介质water－hearingmedium潜水位phreaticwaterlevel均匀介质homogeneousmedium潜水埋深burieddepthofphreaticwaterlevel非均匀介质inhomogeneousmedium潜水含水层厚度thicknessofphreaticwater含水层边界aquiferboundaryaquifer透水边界permeableboundary内流湖endorheiclake隔水边界confiningboundary淡水湖freshlake弱透水边界acquittedboundary咸水湖saltlake透水层permeablebed盐湖salinelake隔水层confiningbed季节性湖泊seasonallake弱透水层acquitter富营养湖泊eutrophiclake水文地质参数hydrogeologicalparameters贫营养湖泊poornutrientlake渗透系数permeabilitycoefficient湖流lakecurrent导水系数(释水系数）梯度流gradientcurrentcoefficientoftransmissivity漂流currentoffriction贮水系数storativity湖泊波漾（假湖）lakeseiche水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）湖泊增减水lakewinddenivellationcoefficientofwatertableconductivity湖泊率lakeratio压力传导系数湖泊补给系数rechargecoefficientoflakecoefficientofpressureconductivity湖泊换水周期lakeresidenceperiod持水度water－holdingcapacity湖盆lakebasin土壤水分常数soilmoistureconstants湖面高程elevationofwaterlevelinlake土壤吸湿系数absorptioncoefficientofsoil岛屿率insulositymoisture湖泊分层lakelayering凋萎系数wiltingcoefficient正温层directthermalstratification田间持水量fieldcapacity逆温层inversethermalstratification毛管断裂含水量湖泊形态参数morphometricparameteroflakemoisturecontentatcapillaryrupture高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）mainlevelmire最大水分吸水量中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）mediumlevelmiremaximummolecularmoisturecontent沼泽水量平衡waterbalanceofmire零通量面法zerofluxplanemethod沼泽水mirewater潜水phreaticwater沼泽蒸发mireevaporation降水入渗补给precipitationrecharge沼泽径流mirerunoff降水入渗补给系数coefficientofprecipitation沼泽表面流surfaceflowofmirerecharge沼泽表层流surfacelayerflowofmire地表水补给surfacewaterrecharge沼泽含水性moisturepropertyofmire凝结水补给condensationrecharge沼泽持水性waterretentionofmire沼泽透水性perviousnessofmire设站年限stationrequiredage沼泽率mireratio基面datum冰川glacier临时水准点temporarybenchmark山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountainglacier测验断面measuringcross－s