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本文由天阔海涌贡献doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。电路的基本概念及定律source[s?:s]电压源voltage电源source电流源currentsource理想电压源idealvoltagesource理想电流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic电动势electromotiveforce电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potentialdifference欧姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuitelement电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuitmodel参考方向referencedirection参考电位referencepotential欧姆定律Ohm’slaw基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentvoltagelaw（KVL）law（KCL）结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branchcurrentanalysis网孔电流法meshcurrentanalysis结点电位法node电源变换sourcetransformations叠voltageanalysis加原理superpositiontheorem网络network无源二passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端网络端网络activetwo-terminalnetwork戴维宁定理Thevenin’stheorem诺顿定理Norton’stheorem开路（断路）open短路shortcircuit开路电压open-circuitcircuitvoltage短路电流short-circuitcurrent交流电路直流电路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流电路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue值(rms)瞬时值instantaneousvalue电抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位相位差phasedifference相位领先initialphasephaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，反相phaseinversion频率frequency角频率angularfrequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasordiagram有功功率activepower无功功率reactivepower视在功率apparentpower功率因数powerfactor功率因数补偿power-factorcompensation串联谐振seriesresonance并联谐振parallelresonance谐振频率resonancefrequency频率特性frequencycharacteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相频特性phase-frequency截止频率cutofffrequency品responsecharacteristic质因数qualityfactor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth(BW)滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-orderfilter二阶滤波器second-orderfilter低通滤波器高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器low-passfilterband-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter转移函数transferfunction波特图Bodediagram傅立叶级数Fourierseries三相电路三相电路three-phasecircuit三相电源three-phasesource对称三相电源对称三相负载symmetricalthree-phasesourcesymmetricalthree-phaseload相电压phasevoltage相电流phasecurrent线电压linevoltage线电流linecurrent三相三线制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四线制three-phasefour-wiresystem三three-phasepower星形连接star相功率connection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangularconnection(Dconnection,deltaconnection)中线neutralline电路的暂态过程分析暂态transientstate稳态steady暂态过程，暂态响应transientresponse换路定理statelowofswitch一阶电路first-ordercircuit三要素three-factormethod时间常数timeconstant法积分电路integratingcircuit微分电路differentiatingcircuit磁路与变压器磁场magneticfield磁通磁路magneticcircuit磁感应强度fluxfluxdensity磁通势magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance电动机直流电动机dcmotor交流电动机acmotor异步电动机asynchronousmotor同步电动机synchronousmotor三相异步电动机three-phase单相异步电动机single-phaseasynchronousmotorasynchronousmotor旋转磁场rotatingmagneticfield定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流startingcurrent起动转矩startingtorque额定电压ratedvoltage额定电流ratedcurrent额定功率机械特性mechanicalcharacteristicratedpower继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travelswitch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触点normallyopencontact常闭(动断)触点normallyclosedcontact时间继电器timerelay热继电器thermaloverloadrelay中间继电器intermediaterelay可编程控制器（PLC）可编程控制器programmablelogiccontroller语句表statementlist梯形图ladderdiagram半导体器件本征半导体intrinsicsemiconductor掺杂半导体dopedsemiconductorP型半导体P-typesemiconductorN型半导N--typesemiconductor自由电子freeelectron体空穴hole载流子carriersPN结PNjunction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管diode硅二极管silicondiode锗二极管germaniumdiode阳极anode阴极cathode发光二极管light-emittingdiode(LED)光电二极管photodiode稳压二极管Zenerdiode晶体管（三极管）transistorPNP型晶体管PNPtransistorNPN型晶体管NPNtransistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极电流放大系数currentamplificationcoefficientbase场效应管field-effecttransistor(FET)P沟道p-channelN沟道n-channel结型场效应管junctionFET（JFET）金属氧化物半导体metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耗尽型MOS场效应管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增强型MOS场效应管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导transconductance夹断电压pinch-offvoltage热敏电阻thermistor开路open短路基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置shortedforwardbias反向偏置backwardbias静态工作点等效电路equivalentcircuitquiescentpoint(Q-point)电压放大倍数voltagegain总的电压放大倍数overallvoltagegain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区饱和区saturationregion截止区amplifierregioncut-offregion失真distortion饱和失真saturation截止失真cut-offdistortion零点漂移distortionzerodrift正反馈positivefeedback负反馈negativefeedback串联负反馈seriesnegative并联负反馈parallelnegativefeedback共射feedback极放大器common-emitteramplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏极放大器common-drainamplifier多级放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitance直接耦合放大器directcoupledcoupledamplifieramplifier输入电阻inputresistance输出电阻outputresistance负载电阻loadresistance动态电阻dynamicresistance负载电流loadcurrent旁路电容bypasscapacitor耦合电容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent变阻器（电位器）rheostat电阻（器）resistor电阻（值）resistance电容（器）capacitor电容（量）capacitance电感（器，线圈）inductor电感（量），感应系数inductance正弦电压sinusoidalvoltage集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differentialamplifier运算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失调电压offsetvoltage失调电流offsetcurrent共模信号common-modesignal差模信号different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)积分电路integrator（circuit）微分电路differentiator（circuit）有源滤波器activefilter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯Butterworthfilter切