产业集群创新优势与我国中小企业集群的效率改进

InnovatingAdvantageandEfficiencyImprovementonChina'sSMEClustersTangMin,ZhangTinghai(InternationalEconomics&TradeDept.ofAnhuiUniversityofFinance&Trade,BengbuAnhui233041)Abstract:Studiesofindustrialclustersasonekindofindustrialorganizationshavegraduallybeenre-emergingsince1990s.Onthebasisofthetheoriesofinnovatingadvantageofindustrialclustersandthethree-dimensionframeworkofSMEclustersofourcountry,thispaperemphasizesthelackofinnovatingadvantageanditsnegativeinfluencesontheefficiencyimprovementofSMEclustersinChina.Finally,thepaperconcludessomecounter-measurestopromotethedevelopmentofChina’sSMEclustersonthepointsofcentral-localgovernments,clustersandenterprises.Keywords:Industrialclusters;Innovatingadvantage;SMEclusters;EfficiencyimprovementIndustrialClusters·E·Porter,19981.(A.Marshall,1890)1920LaborForcePooling——2.(A.Weber,1909)AgglomerationEconomics(K.J.Button,1976)1233.GroupementdeRechercheEupopeensurlesMilieuxInnovalieurs,GREMICollectiveEfficiency1975-1Milieu4.(Michael.E.Porter,1994)MCIAOL1998(CompetitivePressure)PeerPressureConstantComparison19915320001779.6185.81·············121802PublicGoodsQuasi-publicGoods1ForwardLinkageBackwardLinkageSocialEmbeddedness234TechnologySpillover1.Incubator,32.3.12Spin-offEnterprises3123..4.[1]Capello,R.(1999)SMEClusteringandFactorProductivity:AMilieuProductionFunctionModel[J]EuropeanPlanningStudies,Vol.,7(6),pp.719735[2]Hill.E.W.(2000)AMethodologyforIdentifyingtheDriversIndustrialClusters:TheFoundationofRegionalCompelitiveAdvantage[J]EconomicDevelopmentQuarterly,Vol.,14(1),pp.6596[3]Nadvi,K.(1999)CollectiveEfficiencyandCollectiveFailure:TheResponseoftheSialkotSurgicalInstrumentClustertoGlobalQualityPressures[J]WorldDevelopment,Sep.Vol,27(9),pp.16051626[4]Porter,M.E.(1998)ClusterandtheNewEconomicsCompetition[J]HarvardBusinessReview,Nov.-Dec.pp.7790[5]Sennett,J.&Simmie,J.(1999)InnovationClusters:GlobalorLocalLinkages?[J]NationalInstituteEconomicReview,Oct.pp.8789[6][J]2003(2)7880[7][J]2002(11)6369[8][M]20012122135