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中文名词英文翻译实证主义positivism/positivist动力学thedyanamics静力学thestatics分工thework-division神学thetheology形而上学themetaphysics进化论theevolution-theory唯名论thenominalism唯实论therealism官僚制度bureaucraticsystem结构主义thestructuralism唯物主义thematerialism辩证法Dialectic唯心主义theidealism生产关系productionrelations剩余价值Increase-value剩余劳动Overtime失调因素maladjustivefactors社区community社会福利thesocially-welfare社会化thesocialization社会控制thesocial-control社会参与thesocially-participation社会工作thesocialwork残疾人handicapped社会救助thesocially-welfare问卷thequestionnaire独生子女thesingles-children现代化modernization/aggiornamento基本方针thebaselines行为准则Behavioral-omens矛盾contravention时代背景thetime-background工业化industrialization民主化democratization文明化civilize同质性Homogeneity协调过程thecoordination-process血缘的relatedbyblood整合的integrated异质性Heterogenitaet社会阶级sociallayerclass自然科学natural/physicalscience抽象科学abstractscience社会秩序socialorder社会有机论socialorganism-theory资本主义capitalism使收入极大化maketheincomemoreprofitable社会冲突理论socialconflicttheory操作化operationalize实证分析empiricalanalysis有限理性boundedrationality经济人的利己主义倾向self-interestorientationofeconomicactors交互分类cross-classify维度dimension内部劳动力市场internallabormarket隐性契约implicitcontracts社会网络socialnetwork家族企业householdenterprise固定成本fixedcost合资企业joint-stockcompany中产阶级bourgeois组织文化organizationalculture一般规律aruleofthumb社会研究socialresearch符号互动论symbolicinteractionism同化assimilation行动理论Actiontheory表意性活动Activityexpressive工具性活动Activityinstrumental工作调适Adjustmentwork疏离Alienation同化Assimilation权威Authority科层权威Authoritybureaucratic感召权威Authoritycharismatic双重权威Authoritydual患病行为Behaviorillness角色行为Behaviorrole偏见Bias资产阶级Bourgeoisie科层制度Bureaucracy资本家Capitalist变迁推动者/变媒Changeagent传意途径Channelcommunication感召力Charisma文化间距Culturallag文化震惊Culturalshock文化Culture文化模式Culturepatterns文化特质Culturetraits主流文化Culturemainstream达尔文Darwin非个人化Depersonalization偏差Deviance初级偏差Devianceprimary次级偏差Deviancesecondary偏差者Deviant偏差行为Deviantbehavior偏差社会地位Deviantsocialstatus选择医生行为Doctor-shoppingbehaviour涂尔干Durkheim家庭Family平等（平权）家庭Familyequalitarian扩展式家庭Familyextended寄养家庭Familyfoster母权家庭Familymatriarchal核心家庭Familynuclear父权家庭Familypatriarchal单亲家庭Familysingle-parent传统式家庭Familytraditional民间医药Folkmedicine社会动力Forcesocial初级收获Gainprimary次级收获Gainsecondary帮派Gang性相Gender代沟Generationgap群体Group内群体Groupin外群体Groupout朋辈群体Grouppeer初级（直接）群体Groupprimary种族与民族群体Groupraceandethnic参照群体Groupreference次级（间接）群体Groupsecondary他群体Groupthey-我群体Groupwe-意识型态Ideology工业化Industrialization规范（制度）化Institutionalization内化Internalization少年罪行Juveniledelinquency标签理论Labellingtheory认可权力Legitimatepower宏观社会学Macro-sociology马克斯Marx医疗社会学Medicalsociology微观社会学Micro-sociology现代化Modernization一夫一妻制Monogamy民德Mores协商秩序Negotiatedorder非工作取向Non-taskoriented规范Norms强制性组织Organizationcoercive正式组织Organizationformal志愿性组织Organizationvoluntary典范/范例Paradigm父（男）权社会Patriarchalsociety柏拉图Plato现实冲击Realityshock再社会化Resocialization角色Role角色冲突Roleconflict角色集合Roleset倚赖性的病人角色Roledependant-patient自我实现预言Self-fulfillingprophecy病者角色Sickrole社会变迁Socialchange社会阶层（级）Socialclasses社会管制Socialcontrol会制度Socialinstitutions社会互动Socialinteraction社会流动Socialmobility社会规范Socialnorm社会秩序Socialorder社会组织Socialorganization社会污名（烙印）Socialstigma社会阶层Socialstratum社会结构Socialstructure社会支援网络Socialsupportnetwork社会（教）化Socialization社会（教）化过程Socializationprocess社会化的机构（媒介）Socializationagentsof初级社会化Socializationprimary次级社会化Socializationsecondary地位Status自致（成就）地位Statusachieved先赋地位Statusascribed定型效应Stereotypingeffect污名/烙印Stigma污名化/烙印化Stigmatization次文化Subculture演译系统Systemofinterpretation禁忌Taboo价值体系Valuesystem西化Westernization