农村土地制度变革中的效率原则和公平原则的分析

I农村土地制度变革中的效率原则和公平原则的分析安徽国祯房地产开发有限责任公司范胜彩二00六年十月二十七日II摘要本文对农村土地制度变革中的效率原则和公平原则进行分析，并提出坚持公平原则进行农村土地制度变革的一些设想。全文共分为六章。第一章“历史回顾”，全面回顾了我国的农村土地制度自建国以来发生的变迁。建国初期的土地改革运动确立了我国的“耕者有其田”的土地私有制度。土地改革改变了农村不合理的土地占有关系，农民成为土地真正的主人。农业生产迅速恢复发展，增加了农民的收入，提高了农民的生活水平。《人民公社工作条例》确立“三级所有，队为基础”的制度，彻底剥夺了农民的土地所有权和土地经营权。上个世纪70年代未开始实行的家庭承包责任制使农民的土地经营权回归。第二章“建国以来我国农村土地制度变革中的效率和公平”，分析了建国以来我国农村土地制度中的效率与公平关系的表现形式。土地改革初期,公平提高效率,人民公社时期公平与效率的背离。农村土地家庭承包责任初期,农业生产效率的提高带来了社会公平。上个世纪90年代后期,由于整个社会对农民的不公平影响了农业生产的效率。第三章“目前农村土地制度认识中的误区”，分析了学界对现行土地制度效率缺陷的建议，重新认识土地变革对效率的影响，指出了个体经济效率和整体经济效率、经济效率和社会效率背离的情形。第四章“公平原则是农村土地制度的基础性原则”。土地制度的基础性、我国现实和历史传统以及农村土地制度的社会保障功能决定了公平原则是农村土地制度的基础性原则。第五章“坚持公平原则进行农村土地变革的思路”。该章重点分析了如何在农地征收制度的变革、土地承包调整制度规范和土地承包经营权的流转中体现公平原则。并提出个人关于在这三个方面土地进行变革的建议。第六章“结论”认为中国农村土制度应当是在公平的基础上提高效率的制度。农村土地制度的变革中，效率和公平的关系是不断变化的。公平原则是我国农村土地制度中的基础性原则，我国农村土地制的变革应当在公平的基础上提高效率。根据公平原则要求，现行征地制要作重大变革，要建立规范化的土地承包调整制度，土地承包经营权流转制度执行中对承包方的状况要给予更多关注。III南京大学研究生毕业论文英文摘要首页用纸THESIS:TheAnalysistotheEfficiencyPrincipleandtheFairnessPrincipleintheTransformationoftheCountrysidelandInstitutionSPECIALIZATION:JurismasterPOSTGRADUATE:FanshengcaiMENTOR:Prof.TaoGuangfengABSTRACTThisarticleanalysestheefficiencyprincipleandthefairnessprincipleinthetransformationofthecountrysidelandinstitution,andproposedaplanofthetransformationofcountrysidelandinstitutionunderpersistingthefairnessprinciple.Thearticleincludessixchapters.Chapteronetitledthehistoricalreview,comprehensivelyreviewedthevicissitudeofourcountrycountrysidelandwhichhasoccurredsincethefoundingofthenation.Theearlyyearsofthenewnation，landreformmovementhasestablished“thecultivatorhashisfieldprivatelandinstitutionofourcountry.Thelandreformchangedthecountrysideunreasonablerelationsofholdingland,thefarmerbecomesthegenuinemasteroftheland.Theagriculturalproductionrapidlyrestoredanditincreasedfarmer'sincome,raisedfarmer'slivingstandard。People'scommuneWorkRuleestablishedthesystemofthreelevelsholding,theteambeingthefoundation,whichhasthoroughlydeprivedfarmer'slandownershipandthelandoperatingright.Thehouseholdmanagingresponsibilitysystemwhichstartedinthe70soflastcenturycausedfarmer'slandoperatingrightreturned.Chaptertwotitledtheefficiencyandfairnessofthetransformationofourcountrycountrysidelandsystemafterthefoundingofthenation”hasanalyzedtheactingformofrelationsbetweenefficiencyandfairness.Intheinitialperiodoflandreformperiod,fairnessenhancedtheefficiency.Inthelaterperiodoflandreformandthepeople'scommuneIVtimefairnessandefficiencydeviatedeachother.Intheinitialperiodoflandhouseholdmanagingresponsibility,theenhancementoftheagriculturalproductionefficiencyhasbroughtthesocialjustice.Inthelaterperiodofthe90'soflastcentury,theentiresocietywasnotfairtothepeasants,whichaffectedtheagriculturalproductionefficiency.Thethirdchapter,titled“theerroneouszoneinthepresentcountrysidelandinstitution”,hasanalyzedtheknowledgeoftheeducationalworldtothepresentlandinstitutionefficiencyflaw,studiestheinfluenceofthetransformationoflandinstitutiontotheefficiency,proposedthesituationthattheindividualeconomyefficiencyandtheoveralleconomicefficiency,theeconomicefficiencyandthesocialefficiencydeviatedeachother.Thefourthchapteristitledthefairnessprincipleisthefoundationalprincipleinthecountrysidelandinstitution.Thefoundationaloflandinstitutionisdeterminedbyourcountryrealityandthehistoricaltraditionaswellasthesocialsecurityfunctionofcountrysidelandinstitution.Thefifthchapteristitledthetrainofthoughtinthetransformationofcountrysidelandinstitutionpersistingthefairnessprinciple”.Thischapteranalyzeswithemphasishowtoshowthefairnessprincipleinthetransformationoftheinstitutionlevyingcountrysidelandandthelandcontractingadjustmentinstitutionaswellasthechangeofthecontractingmanagingrightofland.Italsocarriesonthesuggestionsaboutthetransformationoflandinstitutioninthesethreeaspects.ThesixthchaptertitledtheconclusionthinkstheChinesecountrysidelandinstitutionshouldbecomeainstitutionthatenhancestheefficiencyinthefairfoundation.Therelationsbetweentheefficiencyandthefairnessinthetransformationoflandinstitutionincountrysidevarycontinuously.Fairnessprincipleisanelementaryprincipleofthelandinstitutionincountrysideofourcountry.Thetransformationofourlandinstitutionincountrysideshouldincreasetheefficiencyinthebasisoffairness.Accordingtotheinstitutionoftherequisitionoflandthatisineffectshouldchangegreatly,theinstitutionoftheregulationtothelandcontractshouldstandardizeandweshouldpayattentiontothecontractorinexecutingcirculationinstitutionsofthemanagerialrightofthelandcontractor.[KeyWords]Landinstitution,Efficiency,Fairness.V目录引言……………………………………………………………………………1第一章历史回顾………………………………………………………………21.1建国初期“耕者有其田”的土地私有制度的建立……………………21.2农民失去土地经营权和所有权的过程…………………………………21.3家庭承包责任制与农民土地经营权回归………………………………3第二章建国以来我国农村土地制度变革中的效率与公平…………………62.1公平提高效率…………………………………………………………62.2公平与效率的背离……………………………………………………82.3效率带来公平……………………………………………………………92.4公平缺失最终影响效率…………………………………………………9第三章目前农村土地制度认识中的误区……………………………………113.1学界对现行土地制度效率缺陷的分析和建议…………………………113.2土地制度变革对效率的影响……………………………………………123.3个体经济效率和整体经济效率的背离…………………………………123.4经济效率和社会效率