businessintegration物流理论

IntroductoryRemarksTheimpetusforchangeBusinessIntegrationandITAlignmentDaleHunter([e-mail])TonyBrown([e-mail])MeetingthechallengewithEnterpriseArchitectureInformationHighwaysConferenceMarch24,20042ServiceDeliveryConnectingGovernment&CitizensBuildingInternalCapacityPartnershipsApplyingIM&ITinacomprehensivewaytoallfunctionsofgovernmentTransformationagendaGovernmentandcross-jurisdictionalcollaborationtodrivesocialdevelopment,economiccompetitivenessandregulatoryharmonizationEnterprisemanagementsystemsandapproachesthatdrivemorevaluefrominvestments,e.g.,legacyrenewal,backofficereengineering,horizontalfunding,projectmanagementandinternalcapacitybuildingIntegrated,cross-jurisdictionalservicedeliverythroughmultiplechannelsthatiscustomer-focused,seamlessandconvenientConnectinggovernmentandcitizensthroughincreasedtransparencyandcitizenengagementopportunities3Theenvironment•e-Businessande-Government•Distributedsystems•Heterogeneousplatformsandlanguages•Legacyandopensourceandnewcodeandoff-the-shelf•Aneedforinter-jurisdictionalconnectivity•Wirelessdevices•Privacyandsecurity•XML•Financialconstraints4BusinessIntegrationandITAlignmentBusinessIntegrationandITAlignmentMeetingthechallengewithEnterpriseArchitecture6Thequestionstoanswer•Whatisbusinessintegration?•WhatisITalignmentandwhyisitimportant?•Whatisenterprisearchitecture?•Howdoesithelpyouachievebusinessintegration?•HowdoesithelpyoualignITinvestmentswithstrategicbusinessintentions?•WhatistheOntarioGovernmentdoing?7Whatisbusinessintegration?Tointegratemeanstocombinepartsintoawhole.Businessmergerexample:CompanyACEOCommonFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCEO+CompanyBCommonFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCEO=CompanyABUniqueFunctionsUniqueFunctionsCommonFunctions8Businessintegration(cont.)Redefiningbusinessexample1:OrganizationFunctionFunctionFunctionRedesignedOrganizationCoreBusinessCoreBusiness9Businessintegration(cont.)Redefiningbusinessexample2:OrganizationAOrganizationBCoreBusinessA1CoreBusinessA2CoreBusinessA3CoreBusinessB1CoreBusinessB2CoreBusinessB3VirtualBusiness1VirtualBusiness2VirtualBusiness3VirtualOrganization10Implicationsofintegration•Nodiscontinuityamongmeaningsofconceptsacrosstheenterprise•Conceptsdefinedonceandshared•YoureusewhathasalreadybeendefinedExplicitlydefinedconceptsaretheEnterprise’sequivalenceofStandardInterchangeableParts.11WhatisITalignment?Alignmentmeansworkingtowardsacommongoal.ITalignmentmeansallimplementedinformationsystemscontributetoManagement’svisionoftheorganization’sfuturestate.Whyisthisimportant?BecauseintheInformationAgetheSYSTEMistheENTERPRISE!12Thedilemma•thebusinessisnotdefinedordescribedverywell?•nobodycanseemuchofwhatneedstobechanged?•intentionscannotbecommunicatedorshareeasily?•ifthereislittleexplicittoalignITsolutionswith?Howcananyoneoranygroupmanageintegrationandalignmentif…13Theproblem•Businessknowledgeisoftenlockedinpeople’sheadsorinplanningdocuments•Whateverexplicitknowledgethatmightexististoodifficulttoanalyzeintheircurrentforms•Systemdesignersusuallyjustdesignsolutionsforspecificbusinessrequirements•andtheirdesignsarenotreusableinotherapplications14Theremedy•Makebusinessknowledgemoreexplicit•MakebothbusinessandITknowledgemoregranular•Makeitgraphical•Applythedisciplineofenterprisearchitecturetoit!Inotherwords…15EnterprisearchitectureDescriptiverepresentationsofthefundamentalcomponentsofapurposefulendeavour.…butmostjusthappen.Everyenterprisealreadyhasarchitecture.Somearedesignedanddocumented…16Enterprisearchitectureis…•Athinkingtoolforanalysis,changemanagementanddecisionmaking•Acommunicationstool•Acrosstheenterprise•Acrosstheextendedenterprise•AmeanstoguidebusinessintegrationandtoalignITHowdoyoucreateenterprisearchitecture?Startbybreakingdownthesubjectareaintoitsessentialparts.Thesameproblemthathasfacedthinkersforgenerations.17Thinkers…•Aristotle(384–322BCE)•Linnaeus(1707–1778)•Mendeleev(1834–1907)•Dewey(1851–1931)AristotelianSyllogisticSystemEveryGreekisahuman.Everyhumanismortal.EveryGreekismortal.TheLinnaeanSystemKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesDeweyDecimalSystem000Generalities100Philosophy&psychology200Religion300Socialsciences400Language500Naturalsciences&mathematics600Technology(Appliedsciences)700Thearts800Literature&rhetoric900Geography&historyPeriodicTableofElements…andforenterpriseknowledge…•Zachman(1936-)18ZachmansaysInherentinallenterprisesaresixabstractperspectives.PlannerthescopeandboundaryviewOwnerthebusinessrequirementsviewDesignerthelogicaldesignviewBuilderthephysical,technicalviewSubcontractorthedetailedcomponentsviewUserthefunctionalview19DifferentaspectsorfocusesWhatisitmadeof?Andforeachperspectivetherearesixfundamentalfocuses.Howdoesitfunction?Wherearethingslocated?Whoisinvolved?Whendothingshappen?Whyarethingsdone?20TheFrameworkforEnterpriseArchitectureisformedbyassociatingperspectivesandfocuses.WHATHOWWHEREWHOWHENWHYPLANNEROWNERDESIGNERBUILDERSUB-CONTRACTORUSER…36differentrepresentationsfordescribinganenterprise.CellsofknowledgeJohnA.Zachman,ZachmanInternationalDATAImplementationDA