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联合国国际货物销售合同公约(英文)unitednationsconventiononcontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoods--------------------------------------------------------------------------------thestatespartiestothisconvention,bearinginmindthebroadobjectivesintheresolutionsadoptedbythesixthspecialsessionofthegeneralassemblyoftheunitednationsontheestablishmentofanewinternationaleconomicorder,consideringthatthedevelopmentofinternationaltradeonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendlyrelationsamongstates,beingoftheopinionthattheadoptionofuniformruleswhichgoverncontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsandtakeintoaccountthedifferentsocial,economicandlegalsystemswouldcontributetotheremovaloflegalbarriersininternationaltradeandpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,havedecreedasfollows:partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisionspartiiformationofthecontractpartiiisaleofgoodspartivfinalprovisionspartisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisionschapterisphereofapplicationarticle1(1)thisconventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentstates:(a)whenthestatesarecontractingstates;or(b)whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofacontractingstate.(2)thefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentstatesistobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthecontractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedby,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.(3)neitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilorcommercialcharacterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobetakenintoconsiderationindeterminingtheapplicationofthisconvention.article2thisconventiondoesnotapplytosales:(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlesstheseller,atanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewnoroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;(b)byauction;(c)onexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw;(d)ofstocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney;(e)ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;(f)ofelectricity.article3(1)contractsforthesupplyofgoodstobemanufacturedorproducedaretobeconsideredsalesunlessthepartywhoordersthegoodsundertakestosupplyasubstantialpartofthematerialsnecessaryforsuchmanufactureorproduction.(2)thisconventiondoesnotapplytocontractsinwhichthepreponderantpartoftheobligationsofthepartywhofurnishesthegoodsconsistsinthesupplyoflabourorotherservices.article4thisconventiongovernsonlytheformationofthecontractofsaleandtherightsandobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchacontract.inparticular,exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisconvention,itisnotconcernedwith:(a)thevalidityofthecontractorofanyofitsprovisionsorofanyusage;(b)theeffectwhichthecontractmayhaveonthepropertyinthegoodssold.article5thisconventiondoesnotapplytotheliabilityofthesellerfordeathorpersonalinjurycausedbythegoodstoanyperson.article6thepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisconventionor,subjecttoarticle12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.chapteriigeneralprovisionsarticle7(1)intheinterpretationofthisconvention,regardistobehadtoitsinternationalcharacterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplicationandtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.(2)questionsconcerningmattersgovernedbythisconventionwhicharenotexpresslysettledinitaretobesettledinconformitywiththegeneralprinciplesonwhichitisbasedor,intheabsenceofsuchprinciples,inconformitywiththelawapplicablebyvirtueoftherulesofprivateinternationallaw.article8(1)forthepurposesofthisconventionstatementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtohisintentwheretheotherpartykneworcouldnothavebeenunawarewhatthatintentwas.(2)iftheprecedingparagraphisnotapplicable,statementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtotheunderstandingthatareasonablepersonofthesamekindastheotherpartywouldhavehadinthesamecircumstances.(3)indeterminingtheintentofapartyortheunderstandingareasonablepersonwouldhavehad,dueconsiderationistobegiventoallrelevantcircumstancesofthecaseincludingthenegotiations,anypracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselves,usagesandanysubsequentconductoftheparties.article9(1)thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.(2)thepartiesareconsidered,unlessotherwiseagreed,tohaveimpliedlymadeapplicabletotheircontractoritsformationausageofwhichthepartieskneworoughttohaveknownandwhichininternationaltradeiswidelyknownto,andregularlyobservedby,partiestocontractsofthetypeinvolvedintheparticulartradeconcerned.article10forthepurposesofthisconvention:(a)ifapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusiness,theplaceofbusinessisthatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperformance,havingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbythepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;(b)ifapartydoesnothaveaplaceofbusiness,referenceistobemadetohishabitualresidence.article11acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,including