新概念英语第二册第45课(共26张)

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Aclearconscience问心无愧Lesson45•Newwordsandexpressions•clearadj.[kliə]•adj.晴朗的,清澈的;无愧的,清白的;清楚的,明白的;畅通的,无阻的•adv.清晰地,清楚地;完全,一直•vi.转晴•vt.扫除,清除;(从电脑中)消除(数据);证明…无罪;宣告…无罪consciencen.['kɔnʃəns]良心,道德心•walletn.['wɔlit]皮夹,钱夹•savingsn.['seɪvɪŋz]存款•villagern.['vilidʒə]村民•percent[pə'sent]百分之……1.Aclearconscience问心无愧clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”,因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”,相当于agoodconscience,反义词为abadconscience(感到内疚)。Languagepoints2.Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.整个村子很快知道,有一大笔钱丢失了。(1)village在这里为总称,指“村民”,thewholevillage指“全村的人”,后面通常跟单数动词(有时也可视为复数):Thewholevillageexcitedbythenews.这消息使全村的人兴奋。(2)learn在句中的含义为“获悉”、“得知”:我刚刚得知她病了。wasI'vejustlearntthatshewasill.3.SamBenton,thelocalbutcher,hadlosthiswalletwhiletakinghissavingstothepostoffice.taking为现在分词。与动名词相似,它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后,现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状语从句:…whilehewastakinghissavingstothepostoffice。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个,并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的:他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。如果是主语不一致则必须用从句:我打扫房间时,他在听音乐。Helistenedtomusicwhilecleaningtheroom.HelistenedtomusicwhileIwascleaningtheroom.4.Samwassurethatthewalletmusthavebeenfoundbyoneofthevillagers…must用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时,后面的动词要用完成式:WhenIarrived,hewasn'there.我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。Hemusthaveleftearly.5.itcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost,我们既可以说halfthemoney,也可以说halfofthemoney,它们可以互相替代,但是money前都必须有the,因为是指特定的钱。再如:这面包有一半已变质了。Halfthebread/halfofthebreadwasbad.6.Intime,allSam‘smoneywaspaidbackinthisway.(1)intime可以表示“经过一段时间”或“最终”、“迟早”:Intime,hefoundallthebooksheneeded.一段时间以后,他找到了他需要的所有书。我最终/总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。(2)inthisway表示“用这样的方式”:你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。Youmustpayattentiontoyourspelling.Inthisway,youcanbecomeagoodsecretaryintime.I'lltellyoueverythingintime.被动语态一、什么是语态?语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类:(1)主动语态(2)被动语态三、被动语态的构成:(八种时态下的被动语态)1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品)AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,应保留主动语态原来的时态。如:Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语,在用于被动结构时,通常变为主语的是间接宾语(sb.)HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟)=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时,要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Thatsoundsveryreasonable.Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些与can’twon’t等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。Theboxcan’tmove.Thedoorwon’tshut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词,如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如:1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。Thenovelisworthreading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwatering.Childrenwantlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成2.动宾关系时,如:我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中,常见句型有:1)n.+be+too+adj.+todo…2)Theplaneistoohightosee.3)2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todo…4)Thebookischeapenoughformetobuy.5)3)n.+be+adj.+todo…6)Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.(一)改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensungFillintheblankswithwordsaccordingtothestory.•Thelocal_______,SamBenton,wasta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