_11Supply-ChainManagement(运营管理,英文版)

TransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-1?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458OperationsManagementSupply-ChainManagementChapter11TransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-2?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Outline¨GlobalCompanyProfile:Volkswagon¨TheStrategicImportanceoftheSupply-Chain¨GlobalSupply-ChainIssues¨Purchasing¨ManufacturingEnvironments¨ServiceEnvironment¨Make-or-BuyDecisionsTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-3?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Outline-continued¨Supply-ChainStrategies¨ManySuppliers¨FewSuppliers¨VerticalIntegration¨KeiretsuNetworks¨VirtualCompanies¨VendorSelection¨VendorEvaluation¨VendorDevelopment¨NegotiationsTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-4?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Outline-continued¨ManagingtheSupply-Chain¨MaterialsManagement¨DistributionSystems¨BenchmarkingSupply-ChainManagementTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-5?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458¨Explainsupplychainmanagement¨Statetheimportanceofpurchasingandmaterialsmanagement¨Compare&contrastpurchasingstrategies¨Summarizevendorrelationsissues¨DescribethepurchasingprocessandtechniquesLearningObjectivesTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-6?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Volkswagon¨Brazilianplantemploys1000workers¨200workforVW¨800workforothercontractors:¨RockwellInternational,CumminsEngines,DelgaAutomotiva,MWM,RemonandVDO,etc.¨VWresponsibleforoverallquality,marketing,researchanddesign¨VWlookstoinnovativesupplychaintoimprovequalityanddrivedowncostsTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-7?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Volkswagon¨Unusualelements:¨VWisbuyingnotonlymaterials,butalsothelaborandrelatedservices¨SuppliersareintegratedtightlyintoVW抯ownnetwork,rightdowntoassemblyworkintheplantTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-8?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458¨Planning,organizing,directing,&controllingflowsofmaterials¨Beginswithrawmaterials¨Continuesthroughinternaloperations¨Endswithdistributionoffinishedgoods¨Involveseveryoneinsupply-chain¨Example:Yoursupplier抯supplier¨Objective:Maximizevalue&lowerwasteSupply-ChainManagementTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-9?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458ConsumerRetailerManufacturingMateriallFlowVISACreditFlowSupplierSupplierWholesalerRetailerCashFlowOrderFlowSchedulesTheSupply-ChainTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-10?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458TheSupplyChainSupplierSupplierSupplierInventoryInventoryDistributorInventoryInventoryManufacturerCustomerCustomerCustomerMarketresearchdataschedulinginformationEngineeringanddesigndataOrderflowandcashflowIdeasanddesigntosatisfyendcustomerMaterialflowCreditflowTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-11?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.0745811%31%58%MaterialDirWagesOther71%16%13%COGSPayrollOther83%9%8%COGSPayrollOtherManufacturingWholesaleRetailMaterialCostsinSupply-ChainTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-12?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Supply-ChainSupportforOverallStrategySupplier抯goalPrimarySelectionCriteriaSupplydemandatlowestpossiblecostSelectprimarilyforcostLowCostRespondquicklytochangingrequirementsanddemandtominimizestockoutsSelectprimarilyforcapacity,speed,andflexibilityResponseSharemarketresearch;jointlydevelopproductsandoptionsSelectprimarilyforproductdevelopmentskillsDifferentiationTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-13?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Supply-ChainSupportforOverallStrategy-continuedProcessCharacteristicsMaintainhighaverageutilizationLowCostInvestinexcesscapacityandflexibleprocessesResponseModularprocessestolendthemselvestomasscustomizationInventoryCharacteristicsMinimizeinventorythroughoutthechaintoholddowncostsDevelopresponsivesystem,withbufferstockspositionedtoensuresupplyMinimizeinventoryinthechaintoavoidobsolescenceDifferentiationTransparencyMasterstoaccompanyOperationsManagement,5E(Heizer&Render)11-14?1998byPrenticeHall,Inc.ASimon&SchusterCompanyUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.07458Supply-ChainSupportforOverallStrategy-continuedLead-timeCharacteristicsShortenlead-timeaslongasitdoesnotincreasecostsLowCostInvestaggressivelytoreduceproductionlead-timeResponseInvestaggressivelytoreducedevelopmentlead-tim