情态动词的用法及练习(附答案)

情态动词的用法及专项练习第1&2类:词形词的含义例句can①“能力”②“允许”③“可能性”(0%)④“请求”IcanspeakEnglish.CanIgotothetoilet.Itcan’tbeSusan.SheisinParis.Canyouhelpme?could①“过去的能力”②“过去的允许”③“可能性”(30%)④“请求”,比can更客气⑤“建议”⑥“将来的一种可能性”ShecouldspeakEnglishWhenshewas5yearsold.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?ItcouldgetmuchcolderinJanuary.Couldyoupleasesaythatagainmoreslowly.Wecouldtrytofixitourselves.Ithinkwecouldgotowaragain.beableto“能力”=can,但比can的时态更具多样性。can无法表达的时态，用beableto表达。ShewillbeabletoteachEnglish.(一般将来时)Shewasabletotalkwhenshewas2yearsold.(一般过去时)Iwouldlovetobeabletoplaythepiano.(动词不定式)may①“请求、允许”(比较礼貌)②“将来的可能性”(50%)③may在更多的时态中经常MayIcomein?Itmayraintomorrow.第1类：十大情态动词can/could/may/might/must/oughtto/shall/should/will/would第2类：半情态词及充当情态动词的词hadbetter/beableto/haveto/usedto/need/dare用beallowedto来代替might“较小的可能性”(≤30%)ImightmovetoCanadasomeday.must①“必须”(责任、义务)②“可能性”(推测)(100%)③“禁止”(否定式)Everyonemustpaytaxes.Shedidn’tarrive.Shemustbesick.Youmustn’tplaywithfire.It’sdangerous.haveto①“必须、不得不”(客观上不得不做)②多种时态里面代替“must”,因must只有一般现在，但haveto可以有多种时态。③“不必”(don’thaveto)Ihavetobebackat10o’clock.Shehadtoseedoctor.(一般过去时)You'llhavetoworkhardifyouwantto….(一般将来时)She'shadtoreturntoKoreaatshortnotice.(现在完成时)Youdon’thavetoworkthisevening.Icandothetasksforyou.need①need作为实义动词时，needto=haveto②need作为情态动词时，用在否定句和疑问句中。Youneedtoappealtoahighercourt.(实义动词)Dotheyneedtoknow?(实义动词)Heneedn’tknowaboutit.NeedIsaymore?should①“应该、建议”②“合理的可能性”③“不确定的预测”Youshouldgotothedoctor.Heshouldbefine.Profitsshouldincreasenextyear.oughtto“应该、建议”=should,但oughtto没有否定形式Yououghttodrivemorecarefully.shall①“法定义务上的必须”②“提议、建议”③英国英语，一般将来时助动词=willThedefendantshallpayafineof$200.Shallwebegin?ShallIhelpyouwithyourluggage?Ishallgoshoppingtomorrow.will①“自愿性的行为”②“承诺”③“预测”Iwillmakedinner.Iwillcallyouat4pm.Thesummerwillbeveryhot.would①will的过去式②“请求允许”③“礼貌性邀请”④“预测”Hesaidhewouldcome.WouldyoumindifIbroughtacolleaguewithme?Wouldyouliketojoinmeforlunch?Iwouldbesurprisedifheisnotelectedusedto仅仅用于一般过去时①“过去常做某事”(usedtodo)否定句:didn’tusetodo,通常用never代替didn’t疑问句:Did…usetodo②“过曾经做过某事”③区别beusedto“习惯于”,beusedto+doingIusedtodrinkcoffeeeverymorningbutnowIdrinktea.Ididn’tusetosmoke.Ineverusedtosmoke.Didyouusetosmoke?SheusedtoliveinLondonbutnowshelivesinNewYork.Iamusedtosmoking.(我习惯于抽烟)，比较下面一个句子。Iusedtosmoke.(我曾经抽烟)hadbetter①“建议”最好…做(不做)否定式hadbetternot②“警告”You’dbettersleepmore.You’dbetternotdothatagain.IhadbetterstudyorIwillfailthetest。dare①作为普通动词,“dareto(do)sth,敢做某事”,与其它实义动词用法一致，用于否定句和疑问句中的情况较多一些。不定式可以省略to.Idon'tdare(to)thinkhowmuchit'sgoingtocost.Ineverdared(to)tellherwhathadreallyhappenedDoyoudare(to)tellhimthenews?②作为普通动词,“daresbtodo,打赌…不敢做某事”③作为情态动词,dare后加not,直接否定,dare提至句首提问,与can的用法类似。④固定用法:Howdareyou,she…?你敢，她敢…?don'tyoudare…!你敢…!dareIsayit大意是“说句不中听的话”Idaresay=Idaresay,我敢说…(daresay只用于一般现在时第一人称)Idareyoutoclimbthathill.(我谅你不敢爬那座山)Shedaredhimtoclimbontotheroof.(她打赌他不敢爬屋顶)Idaresaythatthecomputerwouldprovideananswertothat.Idaren'tthinkhowmuchit'sgoingtocost.(直接加not否定)Dareyoutellhimthenews?(疑问句，dare提到句首)Howdareyou?(你敢？)Howdareyoutalktomelikethat!(你竟敢那样跟我说话!)Don’tyoudaretrytostopme!(你敢阻止我？)Mylifehasbecomepredictableand,dareIsayit,justalittledull.我的生活变得可预测，说句不中听的话，就是有点枯燥。IdaresaytheywillbeexpectedtogodowntoBuckinghamshire.第3类1.couldhavep.p.①指过去某事有可能发生,但并未．真的．．发生。Theycouldhavewontherace,buttheydidn'ttryhardenough.Hecouldhavestudiedharder,buthewastoolazyandthat'swhyhefailedtheexam.②指过去有能力做某事,但并未真的．．．做过。Icouldhavestayeduplate,butIdecidedtogotobedearly.Juliecouldhaveboughtthebook,butsheborroweditfromthelibraryinstead.③对过去的发生事情做出一种猜测，但实际上并不知道真假。仅仅是做一种观点上的表达。Hecouldhavegotstuckintraffic.Hecouldhaveforgottenthatweweremeetingtoday.Hecouldhaveoverslept.2.may/mighthavep.p.(用法与couldhavep.p.第③点相同)对过去的发生事情做出一种猜测，但实际上并不知道真假。仅仅是做一种观点上的表达。Hemighthavegotstuckintraffic.Hemighthaveforgottenthatweweremeetingtoday.Hemighthaveoverslept.3.couldn'thavep.p.渴望、期望做某事,但由于外部原因不可能做成,即便是很想做。是一种虚拟语气。Icouldn'thavearrivedanyearlier.Therewasaterribletrafficjam(=itwasimpossibleformetohavearrivedanyearlier).Hecouldn'thavepassedtheexam,evenifhehadstudiedharder.It'sareally,reallydifficultexam.4.should/oughttohavep.p.有一个好主意，该做而没有做。为此感到遗憾或惋惜。Youshould/oughttohavewarnedmeearlier.Ishouldhavestudiedharder!(=Ididn'tstudyveryhardandsoIfailedtheexam.I'msorryaboutthisnow.)Ishouldhavegonetobedearly(=Ididn'tgotobedearlyandnowI'mtired).5.shouldn'thavep.p.某事不该做、但是做了。对此进行批评。Ishouldn'thaveeatensomuchcake!(=IdideatalotofcakeandnowIdon'tfeelgood.)Heshouldn’thavetoldthem6.wouldhavep.p.①用于虚拟条件句IfIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtacar.(butIdidn'thaveenoughmoney,soIdidn'tbuyacar).②很渴望做某事，但由于外部原因，根本做不成。类似虚拟条件句，但不用if引导。Iwouldhavevisitedyou,butIforgotyouraddress.Iwouldhavegonetotheparty,butIwasreallybusy.(=Iwantedtogototheparty,butIdidn'tbecauseIwasbusy.IfIhadn'tbeensobusy,Iwouldhavegonetotheparty.)Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIdidn'tknowyournumber.(=IwantedtocallyoubutIdidn'tknowyournumber,soIdidn'tcallyou.)A:NobodyvolunteeredtohelpuswiththefairB:Iwouldhavehelpedyou.Ididn'tknowyouneededhelp.(=IfIhadknownthatyouneededhelp,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.)7.musthavep.p.根据事件得出一种逻辑性的结论Peterhasarrivedlate